Week 5, 2025 News Review

U.S. President Donald Trump imposed long-threatened tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China on Saturday. Trump signed an order imposing 25% tariffs on goods from Mexico and Canada, and a 10% duty on Chinese imports, set to start on Tuesday. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau swiftly retaliated by imposing 25% tariffs on $155 billion worth of U.S. goods, with $30 billion worth of duties taking effect on Tuesday and the rest in 21 days. Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum vowed retaliation but did not provide specifics. China's Ministry of Commerce announced it would file a lawsuit with the World Trade Organization and take necessary countermeasures. Economists warn that these tariffs could lead to a global trade war, significantly impacting the economies of all involved countries.

On the evening of February 1, US Transportation Secretary Shawn Duff announced via social media that the US Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) system experienced a temporary outage, with backup systems activated and no impact on the national airspace management system. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has activated emergency systems to support pre-flight briefings and continue flight operations. Some flight delays are expected on the morning of February 2. Duff stated that the cause of the outage is under investigation and timely updates will be provided. The FAA has set up a hotline to maintain contact with airlines, providing system updates every 30 minutes. The NOTAM system provides critical safety operation information to flight personnel.

Northern Queensland, Australia, has experienced severe flooding due to torrential rainfall, resulting in the death of a woman and forcing thousands to evacuate their homes. Authorities warn that flood waters could rise to second-storey levels, posing a dangerous and life-threatening situation. Over 700mm of rain has fallen in the region in the past 24 hours, with concerns that 'record rainfalls' will continue into Monday, according to Queensland State Premier David Crisafulli. Meteorologists suggest these could be the worst floods in the area in over 60 years. Crisafulli noted that the conditions are unlike anything experienced in northern Queensland for a long time. Thousands in the city of Townsville were instructed to leave their homes by midday Sunday, as authorities deployed 100,000 sandbags to block floodwater. Parts of the road between Townsville and the tourist center of Cairns have been cut off, hampering efforts to transport rescue teams and sandbags to the area.

Schools on the Greek island of Santorini are set to close on Monday due to increased seismic activity. Tremors up to 4.6 in magnitude have been recorded in recent days, with 4.3 and 3.9 magnitude quakes reported nearby on Sunday morning. Although Santorini is part of the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, authorities state that the recent tremors are not linked to volcanic activity and are subsiding. In addition to school closures, authorities have advised against gatherings at the ports of Ammoudi and Fira, where large cruise ships often anchor and passengers are ferried to shore in smaller boats.

Nearly two decades ago, pilot Mike Slack noticed something amiss on the runway while descending into Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. This week, an American Airlines flight collided mid-air with a helicopter, resulting in 67 fatalities. The cause of the collision is under investigation, with media and the White House focusing on the actions of the helicopter and air traffic control staff. MIT aeronautics professor R. John Hansman emphasized that the U.S. aviation system remains one of the safest in the world. On Friday, a small medical transport plane crashed in Philadelphia, causing multiple casualties. The FAA and NTSB are investigating both crashes. The air traffic and safety concerns at Washington's airport have come under intense scrutiny.

On January 29, Palestinians walked past rubble in the Jabalia refugee camp in the northern Gaza Strip. On February 1, the Palestinian militant group Hamas released three Israeli hostages, and in exchange, dozens of Palestinian prisoners and detainees were freed, marking the latest stage of a truce aimed at ending the 15-month war in Gaza. French-Israeli dual national Ofer Kalderon and Yarden Bibas were handed over to Red Cross officials in the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis before being transferred to Israel. Israeli-American Keith Siegel was handed over separately a few hours later at the Gaza City seaport. The first of 183 Palestinian prisoners and detainees were released in Ramallah, greeted by large crowds. Bibas is the father of the two youngest hostages, kidnapped by Hamas-led gunmen on October 7, 2023. Hamas claimed the boys and their mother were killed in an Israeli airstrike. The newly reopened Rafah crossing saw the first Palestinian patients, including children with cancer and heart conditions, expected to cross to Egypt in a WHO-provided bus. The February 1 handover was orderly, unlike the chaotic scene on January 30. The total number of hostages released so far is 18. Israel has released 583 Palestinian prisoners and detainees. Crowds in Tel Aviv's Hostage Square watched the release, mixing cheers with tears. French President Emmanuel Macron expressed relief over Kalderon's release. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is set to meet US President Donald Trump on February 4 to discuss the ceasefire and potential normalization with Saudi Arabia. The initial six-week ceasefire, agreed with Egyptian and Qatari mediators and backed by the US, remains on track despite accusations of violations. The war, which began with a Hamas-led attack, has killed over 47,000 people and left Gaza in ruins, with reconstruction expected to take 10 to 15 years.

US President Donald Trump stated on January 31 that there was little the top three US trading partners could do to prevent new tariffs. He is expected to sign an order on February 1 imposing 25% tariffs on goods from Mexico and Canada and 10% on imports from China, potentially affecting over US$2.1 trillion in annual trade. Trump set the February 1 deadline to push these countries to take strong actions to halt the flow of fentanyl and precursor chemicals into the US via Mexico and Canada, and to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the southern and northern US borders. Trump also indicated that tariffs could be increased and mentioned a potential 10% tariff on oil from Canada. US crude oil imports from Canada reached nearly US$100 billion in 2023. Trump acknowledged that the steep duties could lead to higher consumer costs but expressed no concern about their impact on financial markets. Jake Colvin, president of the National Foreign Trade Council, warned that the tariffs could affect the cost and availability of various goods and shift the focus of US relationships away from constructive dialogue. Automakers would be particularly hard hit by higher costs. Trump hinted at more tariffs on European goods, steel, aluminum, copper, drugs, and semiconductors. White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt said the tariffs would be implemented immediately, with details published on February 1. Canada and Mexico are preparing retaliatory tariffs, while China vowed to defend its trade interests.

Singapore's Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) issued a statement on Saturday urging US companies to comply with US export controls and local laws. This follows market disruptions after China's DeepSeek claimed its large language model outperforms OpenAI's at a fraction of the training cost. Questions arose about the origin of semiconductors used in DeepSeek's R1 reasoning model, given US restrictions on exporting advanced AI chips to China. Bloomberg reported on Friday that US officials are investigating whether DeepSeek acquired advanced semiconductors from Nvidia through third parties in Singapore. A Nvidia spokesperson told CNBC on Monday that the chips used by DeepSeek were fully export-compliant. MTI emphasized in its statement that Singapore will work closely with US law enforcement agencies to enforce compliance. Nvidia had previously stated that Singapore accounts for nearly 22% of its revenue, but most shipments are destined for locations other than Singapore.

On January 31, US President Donald Trump met Nvidia Corp CEO Jensen Huang at the White House amid preparations for semiconductor tariffs, considerations of a chip subsidy program, and an investigation into whether Chinese AI startup DeepSeek circumvented export controls to obtain Nvidia's products. Chip tariffs would significantly impact Nvidia, which relies on overseas partners for semiconductor manufacturing. Trump stated that despite a good meeting with Huang, tariffs on chips are inevitable. Current restrictions on chip exports to China involve license requirements administered by the Department of Commerce. An Nvidia spokesperson said Huang appreciated the opportunity to discuss semiconductor and AI policy with Trump, highlighting the importance of strengthening US technology and AI leadership. Nvidia's shares plunged this week following DeepSeek's release of a low-cost AI model R1, raising concerns about the need for Nvidia's expensive equipment. The Trump administration is probing whether DeepSeek acquired banned Nvidia chips through Singapore intermediaries.

On February 1st, former German President Horst Köhler passed away. Born on February 22, 1943, Köhler was a renowned German politician and economist. He served as the President of Germany from July 1, 2004, to May 31, 2010. His death has garnered widespread attention and mourning both within Germany and internationally. Köhler's political and economic contributions have been widely recognized. The news was reported by journalist Kang Yubin.

Former German President Horst Koehler passed away on January 22, 2024, after a brief illness at the age of 81. Born in 1943 in German-occupied Poland, Koehler spent much of his early life in refugee camps before settling in Ludwigsburg, Baden-Wuerttemberg. A trained economist and member of the Christian Democrats, he served as deputy finance minister under Chancellor Helmut Kohl, playing a crucial role in introducing the West German mark to East Germany after the fall of communist rule in 1990. Koehler became the managing director of the International Monetary Fund in 2000, a position he held for four years before being nominated for the presidency in 2004. During his presidency, he was not afraid to challenge the government, dissolving parliament in 2005 and criticizing then-Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2007 for insufficient preparation for globalization. However, he resigned a year into his second term following criticism for remarks made in a radio interview. Despite being relatively unknown before assuming office, Koehler quickly became one of Germany's most popular political figures. Current President Frank-Walter Steinmeier noted that Koehler's belief in the strength of the country and the energy and creativity of its people won him many hearts.

President Donald Trump ordered the federal government to recognize only male and female sex and eliminate diversity, equity, and inclusion programs. On January 31, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other federal health agencies removed webpages containing information on gender identity and diversity, including HIV statistics among transgender people and health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth, raising concerns among physicians and patient advocates. The Office of Personnel Management provided specific guidance on January 29, requiring agencies to complete the deletions by 5pm ET on January 31. A Health and Human Services Department spokesperson said website changes followed this guidance. The Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association warned that this creates a dangerous gap in scientific data for disease monitoring. The head of the Aids Foundation Chicago expressed alarm at the disappearance of basic health information. A senior NIH employee urged agency leaders to refuse the implementation, citing contrary NIH research findings.

On January 31, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order requiring the federal government to recognize only two genders, male and female. Consequently, federal agencies were instructed to remove language related to diversity, equity, and inclusion. Websites for the Federal Aviation Administration, the Census Bureau, and the Justice Department briefly went offline, with the FAA and Justice Department later resuming operations. The Office of Personnel Management issued a memo ordering the removal of all references to 'gender ideology' in federal documents by 5 p.m. on Friday. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also temporarily took its data portal offline to comply with the order. Additionally, numerous webpages across federal health agencies, including those on HIV data and reproductive rights, were removed.

On the evening of January 31, the Trump administration announced the removal of The New York Times, National Public Radio, NBC News, and Politico from their dedicated office spaces in the Pentagon to make room for The New York Post, One America News Network, Breitbart News Network, and HuffPost News. The new annual media rotation program stipulates that one outlet from print, online, television, and radio will rotate out each year to allow new outlets the opportunity to become resident members. NBC News expressed disappointment but vowed to continue reporting. The Pentagon Press Association expressed serious concern over the move. John Ullyot stated that the outlets losing their spaces will remain full members of the Pentagon Press Corps, only giving up their physical work areas.

Starting on February 1st local time, China once again assumed the rotating presidency of the UN Security Council. CCTV reporters documented the entire process of China's permanent representative to the UN moving into the new role. The last time China held this position was in November 2023. The report showcased the appearance of the Security Council's presidential office and outlined the responsibilities of the presidency, while also revisiting some memorable moments from the past. Reporter Xu Dezhi sent back a 'behind-the-scenes' Vlog from the UN Headquarters.

US President Donald Trump announced on February 1 that starting February 4, 25% tariffs would be imposed on imports from Canada and Mexico, and 10% on goods from China, to address a national emergency over fentanyl and illegal immigration. Canadian energy products will face a 10% duty, while Mexican energy imports will be subject to the full 25%. Trump declared the national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act to support the tariffs. White House officials stated there would be no exclusions and canceled the US tariff exemption for small Canadian shipments. The move, which follows through on Trump's repeated threats, could trigger a trade war and cause widespread economic disruption. Trump set the February 1 deadline to halt the flow of fentanyl and precursor chemicals into the US via Mexico and Canada, and to stop illegal border crossings. EY chief economist Greg Daco predicts the tariff plan will reduce US growth by 1.5 percentage points this year, push Canada and Mexico into recession, and lead to stagflation domestically.

On February 1, 2025, Hamas released three male hostages held for over a year, while Israel freed 183 Palestinian prisoners in the fourth such exchange since the ceasefire began on January 19. The hostages, including French-Israeli Ofer Kalderon and American-Israeli Keith Siegel, were abducted on October 7, 2023. Their release brings the total number of hostages freed since the ceasefire to 18. The ceasefire aims to end the deadliest conflict between Israel and Hamas, with the first phase lasting six weeks and involving the release of 33 Israeli hostages and nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners. Additionally, 50 sick Palestinian children left Gaza for treatment in Egypt via the Rafah border, marking its first opening since Israel's capture nine months ago. Israel and Hamas are set to negotiate the second phase of the ceasefire next week.

UN Secretary-General's spokesperson Dujarric stated on January 31 that intense conflicts in Goma, eastern Congo, from January 26 to 30 resulted in at least 700 deaths and over 2,800 injuries. The casualty figures were assessed by the WHO and its partners in collaboration with the Congolese government. Dujarric warned that the death toll could rise further. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that Goma's safe drinking water supply has been cut off, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) held a special summit in Harare, Zimbabwe, on January 31, calling for dialogue to restore peace. The security situation in eastern Congo has been severe in recent years, with frequent attacks by the anti-government militia 'M23 Movement'.

Ukraine accused Russia of killing four people in a strike on a boarding school in the town of Sudzha, Kursk region, on February 1. The town has been under Ukrainian control since August 2024. The Ukrainian army stated that Russian aviation deliberately targeted the school with a guided aerial bomb while dozens of residents were inside preparing to evacuate. During rescue operations, 84 civilians were rescued, with four in serious condition. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky accused Russia of attacking its own civilians and shared a video showing severe damage to the building. A local military spokesman said most of those inside were elderly. Russian officials have not yet publicly commented on the accusation.

On February 1 local time, US President Donald Trump announced that Venezuela has agreed to receive illegal immigrants detained in the United States. On January 31, a special envoy of Trump visited Venezuela, met with President Nicolas Maduro, and brought back six US citizens previously detained by Venezuelan authorities. The White House stated that the visit primarily discussed the repatriation of Venezuelans in the US and the release of detained Americans, but it did not imply US recognition of the Maduro government. Venezuela expressed hope for continued engagement with the US.

US President Donald Trump announced on February 1 that Venezuela has agreed to accept deported illegal migrants from the United States, including members of the Tren de Aragua gang. Trump made the announcement on his social media platform, also hailing the return of six Americans detained in Venezuela on January 31. The release followed a meeting between Trump's special envoy, Richard Grenell, and Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, who called for a 'new beginning' in ties with Washington. The six unidentified Americans were photographed smiling on a plane with Grenell. Grenell had traveled to Caracas to demand the unconditional return of Venezuelans deported from the US, threatening consequences otherwise. Trump has pledged to carry out the largest deportation campaign in US history, vowing to expel millions of undocumented immigrants.

The Ukrainian military stated that North Korean troops assisting Russia have withdrawn from the Kursk frontline. Ukrainian special forces spokesman Kenderatenko revealed that no North Korean soldier activity has been detected in the past three weeks, suggesting a withdrawal due to heavy casualties. The Kremlin has not confirmed this information. In August last year, Ukrainian forces invaded Kursk Oblast, controlling numerous settlements. Intelligence indicates that Pyongyang sent about 11,000 soldiers to support Russian forces in November. Currently, Russian forces have recaptured some lost territory, but Ukrainian forces still control large areas. Ukraine claims to have captured and killed several North Korean soldiers, with President Zelensky releasing interrogation videos of captured troops. Ukrainian officials note that North Korean soldiers, lacking organization and armored support, suffered high casualty rates. The New York Times reported that half of the North Korean forces aiding Russia were lost in just three months.

Sudan's health ministry reported that at least 54 people were killed and 158 wounded in a strike by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on a market in the city of Omdurman on Saturday. The RSF denied targeting the market in a statement, instead accusing the Sudanese army of launching attacks against civilians. Both the army and RSF have targeted densely populated areas since the conflict erupted in April 2023 over the integration of the two forces. The conflict has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths, displaced millions, and left half the population in hunger.

On February 1, US President Donald Trump's Special Envoy for Ukraine, Keith Kellogg, stated that resolving the Ukraine conflict is in the national security interests of the United States. He expressed hope to achieve progress within the next 100 days, emphasizing that this is beneficial not only for the involved nations but also for the US and the world. Kellogg was confident in Trump's ability to persuade both parties to negotiate. Earlier, Trump had indicated his intention to speak with Russian President Vladimir Putin to end the conflict, while Putin confirmed Moscow's openness to dialogue with the new US administration.

On February 1, the Democratic National Committee elected Ken Martin, the leader of the Minnesota state party, as its new chairman, aiming to revitalize the party after its November election loss to Donald Trump. Martin is tasked with reversing the Democratic Party's fortunes, having lost control of the White House and failing to win either chamber of Congress. Since the election loss, the party has struggled to respond to Trump's series of executive orders, many of which reversed policies of former President Joe Biden. A longtime Democratic strategist, Martin called for restoring and enhancing the party's national infrastructure to compete in races across the country. He defeated Wisconsin Democratic chair Ben Wikler in the first ballot. In a statement, Martin said the election marks a new chapter in DNC leadership and vowed to hold Trump and his billionaire allies accountable and defeat them at the ballot box.

On February 1, 2025, Ken Martin was elected as the new Democratic National Committee (DNC) chair at the DNC Winter Meeting in National Harbor, Maryland. A longtime leader of the Minnesota Democratic Party, Martin was seen as a seasoned insider. He secured the position by leveraging his deep relationships with over 400 DNC voting members. His primary task is to help the Democratic Party recover from its 2024 electoral defeat and rebuild its organizational foundation. Martin emphasized that the DNC chair is just one of many spokespeople and highlighted the need to tap into the party's rich diversity. He also vowed to actively define the Republicans and counter Donald Trump. During the race, candidates broadly agreed on the need to strengthen party resources, organizational structure, and review spending practices.

On January 30, 2025, the U.S. Department of Defense announced a new 'annual media rotation program,' requiring several major news outlets, including NBC News, The New York Times, National Public Radio, and Politico, to vacate their dedicated office spaces in the Pentagon. The new program will take effect on February 14, with new outlets such as One America News Network, New York Post, Breitbart News Network, and HuffPost moving in. The decision has sparked controversy, with the Pentagon Press Association expressing deep concern and requesting a meeting with the Defense Department. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt stated that the Trump administration is opening up the briefing room to new media voices.

The UK government has announced four new laws aimed at combating child sexual abuse images generated by artificial intelligence (AI). The Home Office stated that the UK will be the first country in the world to make it illegal to possess, create, or distribute AI tools designed to create child sexual abuse material (CSAM), with penalties of up to five years in prison. Possessing AI paedophile manuals will also be criminalized, with offenders facing up to three years in prison. Additionally, running websites where paedophiles can share CSAM or provide grooming advice will be an offence, punishable by up to 10 years in prison. The Border Force will have the authority to instruct individuals suspected of posing a sexual risk to children to unlock their digital devices for inspection upon entering the UK. The National Crime Agency makes around 800 arrests monthly related to online threats to children, with 840,000 adults nationwide posing a threat. Experts suggest the government could do more, such as banning 'nudify' apps and addressing the normalization of sexual activity with young-looking girls on mainstream porn sites.

Russian Ambassador to Denmark Vladimir Barbin stated that the United States is undergoing a comprehensive modernization of its Pituffik Space Base in Greenland, including the establishment of airfield infrastructure for P-35 fighter jets capable of carrying nuclear and high-precision weapons. Russia will consider these new security challenges in its military planning, including the feasibility of implementing additional military-technical response measures. Previously, former US President Donald Trump, on January 7, argued that Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory, should become part of the United States for national security reasons and protection against Chinese and Russian threats.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is set to depart for Washington on Feb 2, where he will meet with US President Donald Trump's Middle East Envoy, Steve Witkoff, on Feb 3 to discuss the second phase of the Gaza ceasefire. Netanyahu's office announced late on Feb 1 that he will also meet with Trump at the White House to discuss Gaza and the Israeli hostages held there. During his meeting with Witkoff, Netanyahu will discuss Israel's positions on the ceasefire. Witkoff will then speak with officials from Egypt and Qatar, who have mediated between Israel and Hamas with Washington's backing over the past 15 months. In January, Israel and Hamas reached a complex ceasefire agreement to be implemented in three phases, halting the fighting in Gaza. Hamas has released 18 hostages in exchange for hundreds of Palestinians held in Israeli prisons and detentions, with over 70 hostages still held in Gaza.

On the evening of January 29, an American Airlines passenger plane collided midair with a US Army Black Hawk helicopter near Washington, D.C.'s Ronald Reagan National Airport. The plane, en route from Wichita, Kansas, was carrying 60 passengers and four crew members, while the helicopter had at least three servicemen on board. Both aircraft crashed into the Potomac River, with 28 bodies recovered so far, and authorities no longer expect to find any survivors. Todd Inman, a member of the National Transportation Safety Board, stated that a preliminary report will be released in 30 days, but the final investigation could take over a year. The Wichita Eagle reported that members of the US junior figure skating team were on the plane, along with Russian figure skating world champions Evgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov, and Inna Volyanskaya, a bronze medalist at the 1980 USSR Championships. US President Donald Trump confirmed the death of Russian citizens in the crash, and the United States has contacted Russia to discuss the transfer of the deceased.

Hamas has announced it will release three hostages on Saturday under the ceasefire agreement with Israel: Israelis Ofer Kalderon, 53, and Yarden Bibas, 34, and American-Israeli Keith Siegel, 65. Bibas' wife and two children were also kidnapped by Hamas and their fate remains unknown. In exchange, Israel will release a batch of Palestinian prisoners. This marks the fourth such exchange since the ceasefire took effect on January 19. Hamas took 251 hostages during its attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, which killed about 1,200 people. The upcoming release will bring the total number of hostages freed under the ceasefire to 18.

US President Donald Trump will impose tariffs of 25% on Mexico and Canada, and 10% on China starting Saturday. Trump stated on Friday that Canadian oil would face a reduced tariff of 10% effective February 18. He also plans to impose tariffs on the European Union in the future. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said the tariffs on Canada and Mexico are in response to the illegal fentanyl issue. Trump's move aims to address undocumented migration and trade deficits. Chinese Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang called for a 'win-win' solution to trade tensions at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Canada and Mexico have vowed to retaliate with their own measures, while experts warn that the new tariffs could spark a major trade war and increase prices in the US.

On January 27, 2025, President Donald Trump announced in Doral, Florida, that tariffs on goods from Canada, China, and Mexico will take effect on February 1. The White House confirmed a 25% tariff on Mexico and Canada, and a 10% duty on China. In 2022, these three countries supplied goods worth $536 billion, $455 billion, and $437 billion to the U.S., respectively. Economists warn that tariffs will negatively impact U.S. consumers, likely leading to higher prices. The White House claims tariffs and Trump's economic agenda will benefit the U.S. economy, but economists argue that tariffs could spark trade wars and harm U.S. jobs.

US President Donald Trump announced that starting February 1, he will impose a 25% tariff on goods imported from Canada and Mexico to protect US interests. Trump cited reasons including illegal immigration, drug inflows, and substantial subsidies to the two countries. He hinted that tariffs could rise and is considering exempting oil. A Congress Research Service report shows over 70% of US crude oil imports come from Canada and Mexico. Both countries threatened retaliation, causing significant market reactions. Trump also warned BRICS nations against replacing the dollar, threatening 100% tariffs. The Kremlin responded that BRICS nations have not discussed creating their own currency.

The US Department of Commerce is investigating whether Chinese AI firm DeepSeek uses regulated US chips. Two US congressmen urge the Trump administration to consider restricting Nvidia's AI chip exports. DeepSeek recently launched a low-cost AI assistant, DeepSeek-R1, drawing US government scrutiny. Sources say the Commerce Department has traced organized chip resale to China in several countries. Nvidia emphasizes compliance with US regulations. Trump is expected to meet Nvidia's CEO to discuss tightening H20 chip export restrictions. DeepSeek claims legally purchasing Nvidia H800 chips. Multiple countries' regulators are investigating DeepSeek over data leakage and privacy concerns.

DeepSeek became the center of tech attention this week, with its latest AI model's training costs of $5.576 million drawing Wall Street's focus. Early in the week, DeepSeek's AI Assistant topped the U.S. App Store's free app downloads, surpassing OpenAI's ChatGPT. Global tech stocks plummeted, with Nvidia and Broadcom losing a combined $800 billion in market cap. A SemiAnalysis report highlighted that DeepSeek's hardware spend exceeds $500 million. Experts praised the quality of DeepSeek's model despite U.S. chip export restrictions to China. Founded in 2023 by Liang Wenfeng of High-Flyer, a quantitative hedge fund, DeepSeek focuses on large language models and artificial general intelligence.

On January 31, 2025, the German parliament voted against an opposition draft law aimed at tightening immigration policy. Christian Democratic Party (CDU) leader Friedrich Merz spoke to the media following the vote. In Hamburg, activists protested against Merz's migration plans on the same day. Merz, previously favored to become Germany's next chancellor, suffered a setback three weeks before the national election when 12 of his own party members refused to support his migration bill, causing it to fail in parliament. Merz had controversially indicated his willingness to pass the law with support from the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD), causing dismay within his party. The Social Democrats (SPD) and Greens argued that the bill would not prevent attacks and violated European law. It remains unclear whether this defeat will impact the standings of the parties, with the SPD and Greens significantly behind the conservatives in the polls.

As Rwanda-backed M23 rebels advance towards the city of Bukavu in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, they are likely to encounter thousands of Burundian troops, escalating the risk of a full-blown regional war. Burundi has had soldiers in eastern Congo since 2021, initially to hunt down Burundian rebels but recently supporting Congo's army against M23. Bukavu, about 200 km south of Goma, which M23 seized this week, could see heightened ethnic tensions and direct confrontations between national armies, analysts told Reuters. Despite Rwanda's denial of UN accusations of troop deployment in Congo, it vows to defend itself and accuses Congo's military of allying with Hutu-led militias. Burundian troops, who suffered heavy losses in a battle in Nungu, North Kivu, have retreated to South Kivu to block M23 and Rwandan forces. UN and Rwandan sources provided similar figures for Rwandan troops in Congo, while a Burundian official confirmed a comparable number of Burundian soldiers.

The UN reports that at least 700 people have been killed and 2,800 injured in intense fighting in Goma, the largest city in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), since Sunday. M23 rebels, backed by Rwanda, have captured the capital of North Kivu province, Goma, and are now advancing towards Bukavu, the capital of South Kivu. The DR Congo government claims the rebels aim to control the region's vast mineral wealth. UN spokesman Stéphane Dujarric warned that the death toll could rise further. To halt the rebels' progress, the DR Congo military has set up defenses on the road between Goma and Bukavu, with hundreds of civilian volunteers enlisted to defend Bukavu. South Kivu Governor Jean-Jacques Purusi Sadiki stated that government forces and allies are holding back the rebels, though this claim remains unverified. Earlier this week, M23 vowed to continue its offensive until reaching the capital Kinshasa, 2,600km to the west. DR Congo's Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner accused Rwanda of illegal occupation and regime change attempts, which Rwanda denies. The Southern African Development Community (Sadc) declared support for DR Congo at a summit in Zimbabwe, deploying peacekeeping troops. Sixteen soldiers from southern African countries have been killed in clashes with M23 in the past week, exacerbating the humanitarian crisis in eastern DR Congo, with over 400,000 people displaced since the start of 2025.

Democratic Republic of Congo's Foreign Minister Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner told the BBC that Rwanda is illegally occupying the country and attempting to orchestrate a regime change, citing decades of impunity for Rwandan President Paul Kagame's violations of international law. This follows the capture of the eastern Congolese city of Goma by Rwanda-backed M23 rebels, who threaten to advance to the capital, Kinshasa. Rwandan government spokeswoman Yolande Makolo denied the accusations, stating their troops are deployed to prevent the conflict from spilling over into Rwandan territory. The Southern African Development Community (Sadc) is holding a special meeting in Zimbabwe on Friday to discuss the situation in DR Congo, having sent peacekeeping troops, mainly from South Africa, to combat armed groups like the M23. Sixteen soldiers from southern African countries have been killed in clashes with the M23 around Goma in the past week. Since the start of 2025, over 400,000 people have been displaced, according to the UN's refugee agency. Human Rights Watch has warned of escalating risks to civilians, with both sides accused of grave abuses. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres cautioned that the conflict could escalate into a broader regional war.

Several top FBI executives promoted by former Director Christopher Wray were told to resign or retire on Thursday, or face demotion or reassignment. The purge involves about half a dozen 'executive assistant directors' overseeing criminal, national security, and cyber investigations, who are career civil servants and cannot be fired without cause. A current FBI official described the move as 'hugely disruptive,' while a former official noted widespread anger as the affected employees are not considered political figures. The FBI declined to comment on the personnel moves. Wray resigned at the end of the Biden administration. These moves come amid a wave of terminations in the first 10 days of the Trump administration, including 18 inspectors general. Trump defended the firings, citing poor performance. The Trump administration also fired career attorneys at the Justice Department involved in prosecuting him, raising concerns about retribution. Trump has nominated Kash Patel to lead the FBI, who pledged no retaliatory actions at a Senate confirmation hearing.

On January 31, Norwegian police announced the detention of the Norwegian vessel Silver Dania, with an all-Russian crew, at Latvia's request, on suspicion of damaging an optic cable in the Baltic Sea. The ship was en route from St. Petersburg to Murmansk. Police have boarded the ship for searches and interrogations. The shipowner, Tormod Fossmark, claimed innocence. On January 26, Latvia's State Radio and Television Center reported damage to the undersea cable. On January 27, Sweden stopped another vessel, the Bulgarian-owned Vezhen, but its company denied intentional damage.

Political parties in Belgium agreed on Friday to form a broad government coalition, ending nearly eight months of complex talks following the election victory of the Flemish nationalist party N-VA. N-VA leader Bart De Wever, 54, is expected to become prime minister and lead a five-party coalition, including Christian democrats and socialists from the Dutch-speaking north, as well as liberal and centrist parties from the French-speaking south. The far-right Vlaams Belang party was excluded from the government talks, despite being the second-largest party after making significant gains in the June 2024 election. In Belgium, where federal governments are always coalition-based, parties have consistently refused to include Vlaams Belang due to its anti-immigrant and anti-EU stance, and its goal to split the country. Coalition talks dragged on for months as parties struggled to agree on budget cuts, tax hikes, and pension reforms insisted upon by De Wever to improve the finances of the euro zone's sixth-largest economy.

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer told Mauritian Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam on January 29 that he seeks 'strong protections', including from 'malign influence', for the U.S.-British military base on Diego Garcia. In October, Britain agreed to cede sovereignty of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius while retaining control of the military base on a 99-year lease. However, newly-elected Ramgoolam has questioned the deal, which is yet to be ratified. Starmer emphasized the need for a deal to secure the base's operations. Both leaders reiterated their commitment to the deal and looked forward to further discussions. Britain is awaiting the new U.S. administration's review of the agreement. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has stated that the deal poses a threat to U.S. security.

Salwan Momika, a 38-year-old Iraqi refugee, was shot dead in a house in Sodertalje near Stockholm. He had publicly burned the Koran on several occasions. Sweden's prime minister suggested the killing might be linked to a foreign power. Initially, five suspects were detained, but Senior Prosecutor Rasmus Oman stated on Friday that suspicions against them had weakened, leading to their release, though they remain under investigation. Momika had been on trial in Sweden for burning and desecrating the Koran, with a verdict expected shortly after his death. In 2023, Sweden raised its terrorism alert to the second-highest level following the Koran burnings, mostly by Momika, which outraged Muslims and triggered threats. Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei called for the 'most severe punishment' for those who desecrate the Koran and accused Sweden of supporting the perpetrators.

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is scheduled to make his first foreign trip from February 1-6 to Panama, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic. Ahead of the visit, US State Department's Special Envoy for Latin America, Mauricio Claver-Carone, emphasized that the Panama Canal is a strategic asset that must not be under China's control. Rubio will discuss the canal situation with Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino, who has stated he has no intention of discussing the canal's ownership, affirming it belongs to Panama. The tour aims to enhance cooperation in combating illegal migration, crime, and drug smuggling, as well as countering China's influence.

The U.N. Palestinian relief agency UNRWA warned that if its humanitarian work in Gaza is forced to halt, it would jeopardize the ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas. The agreement has paused a 15-month-old war between Israel and Gaza's rulers Hamas, which has decimated the Gaza Strip, killed tens of thousands of Palestinians, and destabilized the Middle East. The deal has facilitated a surge in humanitarian aid and enabled the release of Israeli hostages in Gaza and Palestinian detainees from Israeli jails. Juliette Touma, director of communications of UNRWA, told a Geneva press briefing that if UNRWA is not allowed to continue bringing and distributing supplies, the fragile ceasefire will be at risk. Despite an Israeli ban due to take effect on Jan. 30, UNRWA's work in Gaza and elsewhere continues. However, she noted that its Palestinian staff in the West Bank and East Jerusalem are facing difficulties, including stone-throwing and delays at checkpoints, amid a fierce disinformation campaign against UNRWA.

On January 30, the Uganda Ministry of Health reported a fatal case of Ebola Sudan virus at Mulago Referral Hospital in the capital Kampala on January 29. The patient had previously sought treatment in hospitals in Wakiso District and Mbale City. The Ugandan government has activated a public health emergency response mechanism. Ebola virus spreads primarily through contact, with symptoms including high fever, extreme fatigue, and can lead to multiple organ damage in severe cases. The Chinese Embassy in Uganda提醒 Chinese citizens in the country to enhance personal protection, avoid contact with high-risk animals and confirmed or suspected cases, maintain environmental hygiene, and seek medical attention promptly.

On February 1, China officially took over the rotating one-month presidency of the United Nations Security Council. The Council is expected to hold about two dozen open meetings and closed-door consultations in February, with a focus on the situation in the Middle East. Chinese Permanent Representative to the UN, Fu Cong, will announce the agenda of the meetings at a press conference on Monday. The Security Council comprises five permanent members - China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States - and ten non-permanent members, which currently include Algeria, Guyana, Greece, Denmark, Pakistan, Panama, Slovenia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, and South Korea. According to the UN Charter, the Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and all UN member states are obliged to comply with its decisions.

On January 30, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump signed executive orders in the White House, announcing aggressive tariffs on major trading partners Mexico, Canada, and China. White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt stated that 25% tariffs will be imposed on Mexico and Canada, and a 10% duty on China, in retaliation for illegal fentanyl issues. The news caused the Dow Jones Industrial Average to drop by over 300 points, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite also experiencing losses. The U.S. conducts about $1.6 trillion in annual trade with these three countries. Economists are concerned that the tariffs could reignite inflation, while Federal Reserve officials are monitoring the impact of fiscal policy.

UN Secretary General's spokesman Stephane Dujarric reported that clashes between government troops and rebels in Goma, the capital of North Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, have resulted in at least 700 residents killed and 2,800 injured. The World Health Organization and the government conducted an assessment indicating that these numbers are expected to rise. During a meeting with local officials, President Felix Tshisekedi noted that many bodies remain on the streets. UN Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations Jean-Pierre Lacroix stated that the situation in Goma is calming but remains unstable. The M23 rebel movement has taken full control of Goma, with sporadic shootouts in the northern neighborhoods, and electricity and water supplies were restored in the southern neighborhoods on January 30.

On January 29, 2025, the M23 rebel group clashed with the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in Goma, eastern DRC. Britain has warned Rwanda that its involvement in the escalating conflict in the DRC could jeopardize over $1 billion in annual aid, including around £32 million in UK bilateral assistance. The Rwanda-backed M23 rebels captured Goma, a city of 2 million people, on Monday and continued their advance on Wednesday. Congo, the United States, and other Western powers allege Rwandan forces supported M23 in Goma, a claim Rwanda denies. British Foreign Minister David Lammy told parliament that the UK cannot tolerate countries challenging the territorial integrity of others. This week's events mark the gravest escalation of the conflict in eastern Congo since 2012, stemming from the spillover of Rwanda's 1994 genocide and the struggle for control over Congo's lucrative minerals.

Salwan Momika, a 38-year-old Iraqi refugee and anti-Islam campaigner, was shot dead in a house in Sodertalje near Stockholm, Sweden, on the evening of January 29, just hours before he was scheduled to receive a court verdict on January 30 for burning the Quran. Five people were arrested in connection with the shooting, though it was not confirmed if the shooter was among them. Momika had publicly burned copies of the Quran during demonstrations in 2023. The Stockholm court had been set to sentence Momika and another man for 'offences of agitation against an ethnic or national group', but postponed the announcement. The Security Service stated that police are leading the investigation and closely monitoring the potential impact on Swedish security. Reports indicate Momika was live streaming on TikTok at the time of the shooting.

Starting January 30, Israeli Foreign Ministry Spokesman Oren Marmorstein announced that Israel is suspending all interaction with the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). He stated that Israel remains committed to facilitating humanitarian aid to Gaza in accordance with international law and the hostage release framework, and has even increased the number of aid trucks entering Gaza. Marmorstein noted that there are multiple alternative organizations to UNRWA, including UN agencies, international NGOs, and foreign countries, already operating in the Gaza Strip, whose roles will be enhanced. Israeli government spokesman David Mencer said that within 48 hours, all UNRWA offices would be shut down, communication with the organization's members would cease, and its activities in Israel would be banned. On January 25, Israeli envoy to the UN Danny Danon notified the UN Secretary-General that UNRWA should cease all activities in Israel by January 30. On October 28, the Israeli parliament passed a bill banning UNRWA activities in the country in a 92-10 vote, following reports that UNRWA employees participated in Hamas' attack on Israel on October 7, 2023.

On the early morning of January 30, the Sumy Regional Military Administration reported that Russian forces conducted a drone strike on the city of Sumy. The attack targeted a high-rise apartment building, resulting in 4 deaths and 9 injuries. As of 8 a.m. that day, rescue operations were still ongoing. The Ukrainian State Emergency Service stated that it was organizing personnel for search and cleanup efforts at the attack site.

Kash Patel, President Donald Trump's nominee for FBI director, is set to face rigorous questioning from Democrats on the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee on Thursday regarding his qualifications and history of making false claims about the FBI. Led by Senator Dick Durbin, the Democratic minority is expected to grill Patel over his accusations that the FBI is infiltrated by a 'deep state' obstructing Trump's policies and his call to close the bureau's Washington headquarters. Democrats alone cannot block Patel's confirmation, as Trump previously secured confirmation for a controversial nominee, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, in a 51-50 vote. Patel has falsely claimed that the FBI used undercover agents to entrap rioters at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, a claim debunked by a Justice Department inspector general report. In a September 2022 interview, he expressed agreement with the QAnon movement, a far-right fringe group. A spokesperson for Patel said his comments were taken out of context and denied QAnon support. Patel also claimed, without evidence, that Trump had declassified all retained classified records, a statement uncorroborated by others. A former aide to House Intelligence Committee Republican Chairman Devin Nunes, Patel led a congressional probe into the FBI's investigation of Trump's 2016 campaign ties to Russia. A Justice Department watchdog report found FBI errors in the surveillance warrant for former Trump adviser Carter Page but no political bias. Patel began his career as a public defender in Miami and later worked in counterterrorism at the Justice Department. He also briefly served in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the National Security Council, and as chief of staff to the Defense Secretary. However, Patel has exaggerated some of his experiences, such as claiming a key role in prosecuting Islamic militant Ahmed Abu Khatallah, when he only played a minor supporting role. He also claimed the Justice Department dismissed a major drug prosecution due to withheld exculpatory evidence, but records show his client pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 36 months in prison.

Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel criticized Christian Democrats (CDU) leader Friedrich Merz in a statement on Thursday for relying on far-right support to pass a motion in parliament. On Wednesday, a CDU motion was passed with backing from the Alternative for Germany (AfD), among others, breaking a long-standing political taboo in Germany. In a rare intervention in domestic politics, Merkel accused Merz of reneging on a November vow to seek majorities with mainstream parties instead of the AfD. The AfD, second in most polls behind Merz's conservative bloc and less than four weeks before a federal election, is under surveillance by German security services for suspected right-wing extremism. Merkel called on 'democratic parties' to collaborate to prevent violent attacks like those recently in Magdeburg and Aschaffenburg, where both suspects had previously sought asylum in Germany, bringing border and asylum policy into sharp focus in the election campaign.

On January 21, 2025, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman announced at a White House press conference that SoftBank is in talks to invest up to $25 billion in OpenAI, which would make it the startup's top investor if the deal is finalized. In November last year, OpenAI allowed employees to sell about $1.5 billion worth of shares to SoftBank. SoftBank, OpenAI, and Oracle are partnering in a joint venture called Stargate, planning to invest billions in U.S. AI infrastructure. OpenAI, valued at $157 billion, is transitioning to a for-profit structure to compete in the generative AI market. Meanwhile, Chinese AI startup DeepSeek is gaining traction in the U.S., with its R1 model impressing Sam Altman.

According to the Financial Times, several EU member states have proposed including the restart of Russian pipeline gas supplies to Europe in a future agreement to settle the conflict in Ukraine. Three officials briefed on the talks said the idea has been supported by some German and Hungarian officials, with other capitals seeing it as a way to reduce European energy costs. Advocates argue that buying Russian gas would lower high energy prices in Europe, encourage Moscow to return to the negotiating table, and provide both sides with a reason to implement and maintain a ceasefire. However, the proposal has infuriated Brussels officials and diplomats from some eastern European countries, who have been working to reduce Russian energy imports over the past three years. Additionally, the idea has sparked a backlash among Ukraine’s closest allies in the EU. Currently, TurkStream remains the only active route for Russian gas supplies to Europe, with a capacity of 31.5 billion cubic meters of gas, designed to supply Turkey and countries in Southern and Southeastern Europe.

The US National Transportation Safety Board plans to issue a preliminary report on the plane crash in Washington, D.C. within 30 days. An American Airlines passenger jet collided with a US Army Black Hawk helicopter near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. The flight from Wichita, Kansas, carried 60 passengers and four crew members, while the helicopter had at least three service members. Both aircraft crashed into the Potomac River, with 28 bodies recovered so far and no survivors. Reports indicate that members of the US junior figure skating team and Russian citizens, including 1994 world champions Yevgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov, were among the passengers. US President Donald Trump confirmed the deaths of Russian citizens and stated that the US has contacted Russia regarding the transfer of their remains.

On Wednesday evening, an American Airlines jet collided with an Army Black Hawk helicopter over Washington, D.C., resulting in the deaths of all 64 people on the plane and the three soldiers on the helicopter, marking the deadliest U.S. plane crash since 2001. At a White House news conference, President Donald Trump blamed former President Joe Biden's diversity, equity, and inclusion policies for the crash, though he provided no evidence. Trump also criticized Biden and former President Barack Obama's aviation policies, claiming they lowered safety standards. Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy and Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth supported Trump's views. Biden's Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg countered Trump's remarks as 'despicable.' The National Transportation Safety Board is leading the investigation into the crash.

On January 30, Israel and Hamas conducted their third hostage and prisoner exchange, releasing three Israelis and five Thai hostages, including Israeli female soldier Agam Berger. In exchange, Israel released 110 Palestinian prisoners, 30 of whom were minors. Hamas has released seven hostages, while Israel has freed 290 Palestinian prisoners. Both sides plan to conduct a fourth exchange over the weekend. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu's office stated that the next exchange will release three Israeli men. Hamas accused Israel of delaying aid supplies, but Israel countered that the aid pace exceeded agreement requirements. The first phase of the ceasefire agreement, lasting 42 days, is expected to release 33 hostages. Palestinian Prime Minister Mustafa said that plans are underway, with US and Saudi assistance, to rebuild Gaza and remove Hamas from power.

On January 30, Hamas released three Israeli and five Thai hostages in southern Gaza, prompting Israel to free 110 Palestinian prisoners. Israeli hostage Arbel Yehud, abducted during the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack, was handed over to the Red Cross in Khan Younis. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu expressed shock at the chaotic handover and threatened death to anyone harming hostages. The released prisoners, including prominent Palestinian figure Zakaria Zubaidi of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, were welcomed by cheering crowds in Ramallah, West Bank. This exchange was part of a ceasefire agreement reached on January 19, halting over 15 months of conflict in the Gaza Strip.

US Republican lawmaker John Moolenaar and Democratic lawmaker Raja Krishnamoorthi are urging the Trump administration to consider restricting exports of AI chips made by Nvidia, alleging that Chinese AI firm DeepSeek relies on them. They request this as part of a Commerce and State Department-led review of US export controls ordered by President Trump. The letter, dated Jan 29, claims that a sophisticated AI model recently released by DeepSeek extensively used Nvidia's H20 chip, which is currently not subject to US export controls. The US fears China could use AI for aggressive cyber attacks or even develop a bioweapon. Nvidia stated its products comply with all government requirements and is ready to work with the administration. The Trump administration is considering new curbs on H20 chips, designed to comply with existing US restrictions on shipments to China.

On January 30, 2025, Syria's newly appointed President Ahmed al-Sharaa delivered his first speech in Damascus, announcing the formation of an inclusive transitional government to represent diverse communities, build institutions, and run the country until free and fair elections can be held. Appointed on Wednesday by armed factions that ousted former President Bashar al-Assad, Sharaa addressed the nation. The armed group leading the offensive, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, has established an interim government, welcoming numerous Western and Arab diplomatic delegations aimed at stabilizing Syria after 13 years of civil war. Sharaa stated he would form a small legislative body to fill the parliamentary void and announce a committee to prepare for a national dialogue conference discussing the nation's future political program, followed by a 'constitutional declaration,' hinting at drafting a new constitution. He previously mentioned that drafting a new constitution and holding elections could take up to four years.

On January 30, Syrian Transitional President Ahmad al-Assad announced in a video speech the formation of an inclusive transitional government, calling on all Syrians to participate in nation-building. Al-Assad stated that the new government will establish new institutions until free and fair elections are held. He plans to form a preparatory committee to elect a small legislative committee to fill the legislative vacuum and announced the establishment of a national dialogue conference preparatory committee. Syria will publish a 'constitutional declaration' as the legal basis for the transitional period. Al-Assad emphasized priorities including achieving peace, territorial unity, building efficient government institutions, restoring international status, and improving living conditions. Previously, the Syrian Military Operations Bureau announced Al-Assad as president, abolished the 2012 constitution, and dissolved the parliament and all institutions related to the Assad regime.

On Tuesday, a sinkhole measuring about 10 meters wide and 5 meters deep appeared in Yashio city, Saitama prefecture, Japan, swallowing a truck. The 74-year-old driver remains trapped, with rescue efforts hampered by road collapses. Local media reported the driver last responded to rescuers on Tuesday afternoon. The sinkhole, caused by a ruptured underground sewage pipe, led to a second sinkhole on Thursday, further collapsing the road and forming a 20-meter-wide crater. Authorities have evacuated 200 households and urged residents to reduce water usage. Aging sewage infrastructure in Japanese cities has led to an increase in such incidents.

U.S. President Donald Trump launched military deportation flights last week as part of his national emergency declaration on immigration. Data from U.S. and Guatemalan officials indicates that the flight to Guatemala on Monday likely cost at least $4,675 per migrant, significantly more than commercial options. The flight, carrying 64 people, took about 10.5 hours. Trump vowed to continue using military aircraft for deportations, warning countries that refuse will face economic consequences. The Pentagon did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

On January 30, 2025, Salwan Momika, a man who triggered violent protests by burning the Quran, was shot dead in an apartment in Södertälje, Stockholm, Sweden. The incident occurred on Wednesday evening, and police have arrested five individuals. Momika had set fire to a copy of Islam's holy book outside Stockholm Central Mosque in 2023, leading to unrest. An Iraqi living in Sweden, he was charged with 'agitation against an ethnic group' on multiple occasions in the summer of 2023. The verdict, scheduled for Thursday, was postponed following his death. Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson stated that Sweden's security services are investigating potential links to foreign powers. Momika's actions sparked outrage in several Muslim-majority countries, resulting in disturbances at the Swedish embassy in Baghdad and the expulsion of the Swedish ambassador.

President Donald Trump has offered buyout packages to nearly all federal employees in a significant move to shrink and reform the US government. An email sent on Tuesday required workers to decide by February 6 whether to join a 'deferred resignation' program, offering about eight months of salary to those who agree to quit in September. The Trump administration expects up to 10% of employees, or around 200,000 people, to accept the offer, which could save up to $100 billion. The US Office of Personnel Management (OPM) highlighted reforms, including a requirement for most employees to work in offices five days a week. The offer excludes certain staff like postal workers and military members. The White House described the package as 'very generous' but warned of future downsizing. The American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) condemned the move, warning of chaos. Democratic Senator Tim Kaine questioned Trump's authority. Trump, who pledged to cut government size and spending during his campaign, tasked Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy with leading an advisory body for reforms.

On January 29, 2025, millions of people across Asia and the world welcomed the Lunar New Year, marking the first new moon of the lunar calendar. Widely regarded as the most significant event of the year for many in Asia and some Asian communities globally, the Lunar New Year symbolizes a fresh start. Celebrations, which typically last around 15 days, feature fireworks, music, fairs, lanterns, dragon and lion dances. Cities such as Beijing, Yangon, Bangkok, Surabaya, Banda Aceh, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Bandung, New York, Seoul, and Hanoi hosted various events. In Beijing, performers celebrated the start of the Year of the Snake; in Yangon, candles were lit at a Chinese temple; in Bangkok, people prayed at shrines; in Surabaya, prayers were offered at the Hong San Koo Tee temple; in Banda Aceh, lion dancers attracted crowds; in Kuala Lumpur, worshippers gathered at the Sin Sze Si Ya temple; in Manila, dragon dancers paraded through streets amid firecrackers; in Bandung, large candles were lit at the Darma Ramsi Temple; in New York's Chinatown, lion dance performances took place at midnight; in Seoul, traditional dances were held at Namsangol Hanok Village; and in Hanoi, people prayed with incense, locally referring to the Lunar New Year as Tet.

According to an opinion poll conducted by the Verian social research company, 85% of Greenlanders oppose the island becoming part of the US, with only 6% in favor and 9% undecided. The poll, conducted from January 22 to 26, is based on an online survey of 497 Greenlanders over the age of 18. Respondents were asked whether they wanted Greenland to leave the Danish Commonwealth of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland to become part of the US. US President Donald Trump has repeatedly stated that Greenland, an autonomous region of Denmark, should join the US.

According to the Syrian state news agency, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov led a delegation to Syria on January 28, holding talks with Ahmad al-Shara, leader of the Syrian National Liberation Front. This marks the first visit by a Russian government delegation since the dramatic political changes in Syria last December. The discussions focused on respecting Syrian sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as judicial mechanisms during the transitional phase. Russia expressed support for the positive changes in Syria, while the Syrian side emphasized the need to correct past mistakes and respect the will of the Syrian people to restore relations. Russia called for an inclusive political dialogue to resolve Syrian issues, insisting that all political forces and ethnic-religious groups participate in a unity-based political process, which is crucial for maintaining Syrian unity and territorial integrity. The two sides also discussed technical issues related to the management of the Tartus port. Last December, the Syrian National Liberation Front overthrew the Assad regime, and the Syrian Transitional Government took over power, with Assad and his family fleeing to Russia.

The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has halted its operations in the Gaza Strip due to an impending ban by Israel. The agency's chief, Philippe Lazzarini, stated that this move will undermine the ceasefire, recovery, and political transition in Gaza. Last week, Israel's mission to the United Nations notified that UNRWA must cease its activities in Jerusalem by January 30. On October 28, 2024, the Knesset, Israel's unicameral parliament, passed a law prohibiting UNRWA's activities in the country, supported by 92 lawmakers and opposed by ten. The legislation was drafted following reports of UNRWA employees' alleged involvement in the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023. Israel has repeatedly claimed that many UNRWA employees are linked to the radical movement.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres wrote a letter to Israel's UN envoy Danny Danon, urging Israel to reconsider its decision to close the UNRWA office in Jerusalem. Guterres expressed deep concern that the move could negatively impact humanitarian aid to Palestinian refugees, highlighting UNRWA's critical role in supporting vulnerable groups by providing access to medical services, education, and other basic needs. He reaffirmed the importance of the agency's work in stabilizing the humanitarian situation in the region. Last week, Israel's mission informed the United Nations that UNRWA must cease its activities in Jerusalem by January 30. On October 28, 2024, the Knesset, Israel's unicameral parliament, passed a law banning UNRWA's activities in the country, supported by 92 lawmakers and opposed by ten. The law prohibits UNRWA from maintaining offices, providing services, or engaging in any activities within Israeli territory, following reports of the agency's employees' alleged involvement in the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023.

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) announced on January 29, 2025, the formal exit of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger from the bloc. These countries announced their withdrawal last January after ECOWAS demanded the restoration of democratic rule in Niger following a military coup in 2023. In response, the three nations formed the Alliance of Sahel States and launched their own biometric passports. ECOWAS stated that the remaining members tentatively agreed to continue recognizing the national passports and identity documents from these countries to maintain trade under existing regional agreements and to continue diplomatic cooperation. In December, ECOWAS had given Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger a six-month grace period to reconsider their decision to exit.

On January 29, 2025, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) confirmed the official withdrawal of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger from the organization. Nonetheless, in the spirit of regional solidarity and the interest of the people, ECOWAS decided to continue recognizing the passports and identity cards of these three countries, as well as treating their goods and services with the preferences provided by ECOWAS membership, while retaining their right to visa-free movement within the organization. On January 28, 2024, the three nations announced their decision to withdraw, having previously established the Alliance of Sahel States and subsequently the Sahel States confederation, aiming to create an African space of sovereignty in areas including security, politics, geostrategy, and economics.

According to an article in Foreign Affairs, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has failed to fulfill his promise to annihilate the Palestinian radical group Hamas, with the objectives of the Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip remaining unmet. Despite suffering heavy casualties during the conflict, Hamas has retained some of its civilian responsibilities and military capabilities. Many Israelis fear that the January 19 ceasefire in the Palestinian enclave could allow Hamas to survive, despite its weakened state, and quickly regain control of Gaza. The situation escalated dramatically after armed Hamas supporters infiltrated Israeli territory from Gaza on October 7, 2023, killing residents in border settlements and seizing over 240 hostages. In response, Israel launched a military operation aimed at destroying Hamas and securing the hostages' release. By January 2025, the operation had resulted in at least 47,000 Palestinian deaths and 111,000 injuries. On January 15, mediators Egypt, Qatar, and the United States announced an agreement between Israel and Hamas to release hostages and establish a ceasefire, which went into effect on January 19. In the first phase of the deal, lasting 42 days, Hamas will release 33 hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails. Hamas released three hostages on the first day, while Israeli authorities released 90 prisoners, including Russian national Alexander Trufanov, who also holds Israeli citizenship, confirmed by Israel’s ambassador to Russia, Simone Halperin.

The Lebanese health ministry reported that five people were injured in an Israeli drone strike on the southern Lebanese town of Majdal Selm on Wednesday. On Tuesday night, Israeli airstrikes in the major southern Lebanese town of Nabatieh injured 24 people. The Israeli military stated it had targeted Hezbollah vehicles transporting weapons on the outskirts of Nabatieh. Following these strikes, senior Hezbollah official Mohammad Raad declared the Lebanese people's right to resist Israeli attacks as a 'sacred and legitimate right,' emphasizing the need to exercise this right at the necessary time and place to protect national security. Lebanon's Hezbollah, backed by Iran, and Israel agreed to a ceasefire in late November, ending a conflict that had killed thousands since the Gaza war in 2023. The U.S. announced on Sunday that the agreement, which included an initial 60-day period for Israeli troop withdrawal, would remain in effect until February 18, extending the previously agreed January 26 deadline. Lebanese caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati urged U.S. General Jasper Jeffers, who chairs the ceasefire monitoring committee, to pressure Israel to implement the ceasefire in accordance with international law. The Lebanese health ministry said Israeli forces killed at least 24 people and wounded at least 141 in southern Lebanon on Sunday and Monday, as thousands attempted to return to their homes in defiance of Israeli military orders.

UK Finance Minister Rachel Reeves announced on Wednesday that the Labour government will support the construction of a third runway at London's Heathrow Airport to boost trade and economic growth. Successive governments have hesitated over the expansion, balancing capacity needs with environmental concerns. Reeves emphasized the stronger-than-ever necessity for a third runway and aims for approval by the end of this parliament in 2029. Heathrow CEO Thomas Woldbye stated that the third runway could be operational by 2035. Reeves highlighted that persistent delays have raised doubts among international investors about the UK's commitment to improving its economic prospects. Despite government backing, the plan faces challenges including financing and legal hurdles. French private equity group Ardian, Heathrow's largest shareholder with a 23% stake, supports the expansion. Heathrow is considering options that meet strict tests on carbon, noise, and air quality, and must agree on a funding model with investors and airlines. The airport is currently operating at 99% capacity and risks being overtaken in Europe.

Ahmed al-Sharaa, the leader of Syria's new authorities, has assumed the role of the country's president during the transitional period, announced by the Military Operations Command on its Telegram channel. Al-Sharaa will represent Syria at international forums and lead the formation of an interim legislative council. The new authorities dissolved the People's Assembly and related committees formed under the previous regime, annulled the 2012 constitution and laws under emergency conditions, and declared December 8 a national holiday. In late November 2025, the Syrian armed opposition launched a major offensive, entering Damascus on December 8, leading to President Bashar Assad's resignation and departure. On December 10, Mohammed al-Bashir was appointed as the head of the interim government, with the transitional period set to last until March 1, 2025.

Syrian new government leader Ahmed Al-Sharaa announced that the country's current priorities are filling the power vacuum, maintaining peace, building state institutions, laying the foundation for economic growth, and restoring international and regional standing. Al-Sharaa emphasized the new government's commitment to building a new and better Syria. In late November last year, Syrian opposition forces launched a large-scale offensive, entering Damascus on December 8, prompting the army's withdrawal from the capital. Syrian President Bashar Assad resigned and left the country. On December 10, Mohammed al-Bashir was appointed as the head of Syria's interim government, stating that the transitional period will last until March 1, 2025. Ahmed al-Sharaa, leader of the Hayat Tahrir al-Sham group, has become Syria's de facto new leader.

On December 30, 2024, Syria's de facto leader Ahmed al-Sharaa was declared the transitional president, solidifying his hold on power. Sharaa was empowered to form a temporary legislative council, and the Syrian constitution was suspended. These decisions came from a meeting of military commanders, with Sharaa's Islamist group HTS leading the campaign that toppled Bashar al-Assad. Sharaa stated that the top priority was to fill the governmental vacuum legally, maintain civil peace, rebuild state institutions, and develop economic infrastructure. He pledged a political transition, including a national conference, an inclusive government, and eventual elections, potentially taking up to four years. The timeline for selecting the new legislative body and the transition details were not specified. Fawaz Gerges, Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics, noted that the declaration formalized Sharaa's status as a strongman ruler.

A crowd crush at the Kumbh Mela festival in India has resulted in at least 30 deaths and 60 injuries. The Kumbh Mela, the world's largest religious festival, attracts millions of Hindu pilgrims to sacred riverbanks. Held every 12 years in four cities, the 2025 event is a Maha Kumbh Mela, occurring once every 144 years, with an expected attendance of 400 million. The incident occurred during religious bathing rituals. Authorities have set up temporary facilities to manage the massive crowds.

On January 29, 2025, the M23 rebel group clashed with government forces in Goma, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Allegedly backed by Rwanda, the rebels seized Goma. Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe called for a ceasefire in eastern Congo and urged the DRC to negotiate with the rebels, while denying Rwandan troop involvement. The UN, US, France, Britain, and Congo accuse Rwanda of supporting M23. The rebels are moving south, apparently to expand their control. Congo considers M23 a 'terrorist group' and refuses direct negotiations, calling on the UN to sanction Rwanda.

President Donald Trump's nominee for US health secretary, Robert F Kennedy Jr, faced questioning from senators at his first confirmation hearing on Wednesday. Kennedy, a former vaccine skeptic, was asked about his past comments on the Covid-19 vaccine and other immunizations. The hearing was interrupted by protesters, but he received applause for promising to make America healthy again. Kennedy insisted he was not anti-vaccine and supported stringent vaccine studies. He criticized processed foods in the US and vowed to scrutinize food additives. On abortion, Kennedy called every abortion a tragedy and supported state control over abortion rights. Senator Bernie Sanders questioned Kennedy's stance on anti-vaccine onesies. The hearing ended with mixed reviews from senators of different parties.

On January 29, Robert F. Kennedy Jr, President Donald Trump's nominee for Secretary of Health and Human Services, faced intense scrutiny at a Senate confirmation hearing, with Democratic lawmakers accusing him of concealing his anti-vaccine views and promoting conspiracy theories. Kennedy defended his record to the Senate Finance Committee, asserting he was not against vaccines and promising to address rising chronic disease rates. If confirmed, he would oversee over US$3 trillion in healthcare spending. Most Republican senators supported Kennedy, though some questioned his past statements. The hearing was disrupted by protesters twice. Kennedy appeared uncertain in responding to questions about the food industry and Medicare/Medicaid.

Earlier this month, Hamas handed over Emily Damari and Doron Steinbrecher to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The hostage releases are the result of months of tense negotiations following the conflict that began on October 7, 2023, when Hamas fighters killed approximately 1,200 people in Israel and kidnapped 251 others. Over the subsequent 15 months, more than 47,000 Palestinians were killed in Gaza, according to the Hamas-run health ministry, with many more losing their homes in Israeli bombardments. Under the ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas that commenced on January 19, a total of 33 Israeli hostages are scheduled to be released in the first phase, lasting six weeks. In exchange, hundreds of Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails are being freed. The ICRC, acting as a neutral intermediary, conducts complex handover operations to ensure the safe return of the hostages. Israeli military and medical personnel have set up reception points on the outskirts of Gaza to welcome the hostages and reunite them with their families.

Hamas announced it will release Israeli national Arbel Yehoud, Israeli Defense Forces member Agam Berger, and 80-year-old Israeli Gadi Moses, all held hostage in Gaza, on January 30. In exchange, Israel will release 110 Palestinian prisoners, including 30 minors, 32 life-sentenced individuals, and 48 long-term inmates. Yehoud's release, initially scheduled for January 25, was delayed, prompting Israel to block Palestinians from returning to northern Gaza. However, after receiving assurances of Yehoud's release, Israel allowed Gazans to return north on January 27. On January 15, Qatari Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani stated that Egypt, Qatar, and the US brokered a ceasefire and hostage exchange deal between Israel and Hamas, effective January 19, with Hamas releasing 33 hostages in the first phase.

The Federal Reserve decided on Wednesday to keep its key interest rate unchanged, reversing a trend of three consecutive rate cuts since September 2024. This meeting was the first since Donald Trump assumed the presidency, who had publicly called for rate cuts. The post-meeting statement indicated a stable labor market and elevated inflation. Fed Chair Jerome Powell stated that the central bank would need to see real progress on inflation or signs of labor market weakness before considering policy adjustments. Stocks fell following the decision. Inflation has decreased but remains above the 2% target, with markets not expecting further cuts this year.

Israeli government spokesman David Mencer announced that Israel will close all offices of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) in Jerusalem, cease communication with its members, and ban its activities in the country within the next 48 hours. Mencer stated that UNRWA poses a threat to Israel's national security, alleging that the agency is filled with Hamas activists. On January 25, Israeli envoy to the UN, Danny Danon, notified the UN secretary-general that UNRWA must halt all activities in Israel by January 30. On October 28, the Israeli parliament passed a bill, with a 92-10 vote, prohibiting UNRWA from operating in Israel. The legislation was introduced following reports that UNRWA employees participated in Hamas' attack on Israel on October 7, 2023.

Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Haskel announced on January 28 that Israel will cease cooperation with the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danon demanded that the agency halt operations and close its Jerusalem office within 48 hours. The UN Security Council held an open meeting on the same day, with UNRWA stating that this move would have catastrophic effects on Palestinians. UNRWA Commissioner-General Lazzarini noted that Israel's relentless attacks are damaging the lives and futures of Palestinians in occupied territories, eroding international trust. Previously, Israel accused UNRWA of ties with Gaza militants, misusing aid, and using facilities for military purposes. Last year, Israel passed a law banning UNRWA activities in Israeli and Palestinian territories, demanding it cease Jerusalem operations by January 30. UNRWA denies the allegations. Data shows it operates 58 refugee camps with 5.9 million registered refugees, 706 schools, and 140 health facilities. Since the outbreak of the new round of large-scale conflict between Israel and Palestine on October 7, 2023, about 1 million Palestinians have taken refuge in UNRWA facilities, which have been repeatedly attacked by Israeli forces in the Gaza Strip.

Germany's parliament erupted in争议 on Wednesday over a non-binding motion for stricter border and asylum rules, which passed with support from the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD). CDU leader Friedrich Merz defended the move as necessary, while Chancellor Olaf Scholz criticized it as an unforgivable mistake. Merz plans to propose actual legislation on Friday to curb immigration and family reunion rights, though it is unlikely to take effect before February's snap election. The vote has shattered a long-standing firewall against the far-right in German political culture, causing widespread shock, especially amid recent fatal attacks involving asylum-seekers.

On January 29, 2025, former Democratic Senator Bob Menendez from New Jersey was sentenced to 11 years in prison at Manhattan Federal Court in New York City. Menendez was convicted for a years-long bribery and corruption scheme involving gold bars and stacks of cash. He pleaded for mercy from Judge Sidney Stein, but the judge noted the overwhelming evidence against him and his failure to the voters of New Jersey. Menendez was found guilty in July 2023 of extortion, conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and acting as a foreign agent. Two co-defendants were also sentenced. Menendez vowed to appeal and has sought a pardon from President Donald Trump.

On November 19, 2024, Elon Musk spoke with U.S. President-elect Donald Trump at a viewing of the sixth test flight of the SpaceX Starship in Brownsville, Texas. This week, both took to social media to assert that astronauts stranded at the space station must return as soon as possible, despite NASA's plan to bring them back in a couple of months using a SpaceX vehicle. They blamed the previous presidential administration for NASA's August decision to return Boeing's faulty Starliner capsule from the International Space Station without astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. Musk and Trump criticized the Biden administration for leaving the astronauts there for too long. However, it remains unclear if their statements will alter NASA's timeline. NASA and SpaceX have been working to return the astronauts safely but have not specified if they will change their plans. Previously, NASA had returned the Starliner capsule empty in September and adjusted astronaut rotations accordingly.

Georgian Parliament Deputy Speaker Thea Tsulukiani stated that the Georgian delegation will not resume its work in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) until the blackmail against the country and its people ceases. This statement was made following a PACE resolution calling for new parliamentary elections in Georgia. Tsulukiani emphasized that while Georgia remains a member of the Council of Europe, the parliamentary delegation will only resume participation when the unfair sentiment towards Georgia changes, the blackmail ends, and all decision-makers and their backers realize that such pressure will not force Georgia and its popularly elected government to take any anti-Georgian steps.

Abu Ubaida, spokesman for Hamas' armed wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, announced that Hamas will release Israeli citizen Arbel Yehud, IDF soldier Agam Berger, and 80-year-old Gadi Moses, held hostage in the Gaza Strip, on January 30. Arbel Yehud's release, originally scheduled for January 25, was delayed due to Israel's refusal to open a route from southern to northern Gaza. On January 27, the IDF allowed Gazans to return to the northern part of the enclave. On January 15, Qatari Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani stated that Egypt, Qatar, and the US brokered a ceasefire and hostage release deal between Israel and Hamas. During the 42-day first phase, Hamas will release 33 hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners from Israeli custody. On January 25, four women who had served in the IDF returned from Gaza, and Israel released 200 Palestinian prisoners.

According to reports from the state broadcaster, Democratic Republic of Congo President Felix Tshisekedi plans to meet with Rwanda President Paul Kagame at the East African Community special summit in Kenya on January 29 to discuss the escalating conflict in eastern Congo. Recently, clashes between the Congolese government forces and the rebel group M23 Movement have intensified in the region. On January 27, the M23 Movement claimed to have captured Goma, the capital of North Kivu province. Local hospital sources reported that the conflict in Goma has resulted in at least 17 deaths and nearly 370 injuries, the majority of whom are civilians.

OpenAI has accused rivals, including those in China, of using its work to rapidly advance their own AI tools. This week, the emergence of DeepSeek, a Chinese app that can emulate ChatGPT's performance at a lower cost, has significantly undermined OpenAI and other US firms' AI leadership. Microsoft is investigating unauthorized use of OpenAI's data. White House 'AI and crypto czar' David Sacks suggested DeepSeek may have used OpenAI's models through knowledge distillation. OpenAI stated that Chinese and other companies are constantly trying to distill models of leading US AI firms. US officials are considering the national security implications of DeepSeek, with the US Navy banning its use due to security and ethical concerns. DeepSeek has reported large-scale cyber attacks, temporarily limiting registrations.

The DeepSeek AI large model developed by a Chinese company has recently garnered global attention. On October 28, CNBC reported that the US Navy issued a warning letter on October 24, prohibiting its personnel from using the DeepSeek model for any purposes, including handling work and personal matters, and from uploading, downloading, or transmitting any information on the platform. A US Navy spokesperson confirmed the authenticity of the letter, stating that the ban is based on the Navy's policy on generative AI use, but did not specify the reasons for the ban. As of October 28, DeepSeek remained at the top of the free download charts in the US Apple App Store.

On January 29, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump, during a ceremony at the White House to sign an immigration detention bill, announced plans to prepare Guantanamo Bay, the U.S. military base in Cuba, for migrant detention. Trump stated that Guantanamo has thousands of beds to detain 'the worst criminal illegal aliens' and vowed to sign an executive order instructing the Defense and Homeland Security departments to ready Guantanamo's 'migrant facility.' According to The New York Times, only four migrants were being held there as of February. The Global Detention Project, a research center, suggests that the Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center has a capacity of 130. Trump claimed Guantanamo has 30,000 beds, asserting that opening it would 'double our capacity immediately.' Since taking office last week, Trump has taken several actions to crack down on illegal border crossings and deport undocumented migrants en masse.

US President Donald Trump announced on January 29 that he will instruct the Pentagon and the Department of Homeland Security to prepare a migrant facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, capable of housing up to 30,000 migrants. The US naval base at Guantanamo Bay already has a migrant facility, separate from the high-security prison for foreign terrorism suspects, which has been used occasionally for decades to house Haitians and Cubans intercepted at sea. Trump stated that the new facility would be used to detain the most serious criminal illegal aliens threatening Americans. This move will expand the Pentagon's role in cracking down on illegal immigration. Previously, the US military allowed Immigration and Customs Enforcement to detain migrants at Buckley Space Force Base in Colorado and deployed over 1,600 active-duty troops to the US-Mexico border.

Israel is set to ban the UN Palestinian Refugee Agency (UNRWA) from operating on its territory on January 30, accusing the agency of collusion with Hamas, an allegation UNRWA denies. The ban is expected to exacerbate the suffering of Palestinian refugees who rely on UNRWA for survival, education, and healthcare. Established in 1948, UNRWA currently supports around six million Palestinian refugees in the Middle East. While the Israeli parliament passed the legislation last year, enforcement details remain unclear. The international community, except for the US, expresses concern, viewing the move as a violation of international law.

On Monday, Rwanda-backed M23 rebels seized Goma, the largest city in eastern Congo, leaving bodies scattered in the streets and hospitals overwhelmed. On Tuesday, the U.N. and other aid agencies reported ongoing small arms and mortar fire in Goma, with hospitals struggling to cope with a surge in wounded patients. The WHO stated that hundreds have been admitted with gunshot and other wounds. A Red Cross hospital received over 100 patients with head and chest injuries within 24 hours. The fighting has led to a spike in looting, with medical and food supplies stolen, potentially hampering food supply to the city.

Serbian Prime Minister Milos Vucevic will hold an emergency press conference at 11:00 a.m. (10:00 a.m. GMT) on January 28, during which he will announce his resignation. According to the Vecernje Novosti newspaper, it was confirmed that the reason for the PM's emergency address was his decision to resign due to ongoing student protests. This resignation has garnered significant attention, with the student protests being the catalyst.

Serbian Prime Minister Milos Vucevic announced his resignation as the chairman of the government, calling it an irreversible decision. He had a lengthy meeting with President Aleksandar Vucic, who accepted his resignation and agreed with his reasoning. This comes after Vucic earlier announced plans to reshuffle the cabinet, replacing more than half of the ministers, amid ongoing student protest rallies.

Serbian Prime Minister Milos Vucevic announced his resignation on January 28, less than a year into his tenure. The decision followed months of mass protests sparked by the fatal collapse of a train station roof in Novi Sad in November 2024, which killed 15 people. During a press conference in Belgrade, Vucevic stated that his resignation aimed to prevent further social tensions. He had previously served as the mayor of Novi Sad from 2012 to 2022, during which the train station renovations began. The incident exacerbated long-standing public anger over corruption and alleged lack of oversight in construction projects.

A Russian delegation arrived in Damascus on Tuesday for the first time since the ousting of Moscow's ally, President Bashar al-Assad. The delegation, including Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov and Kremlin special envoy for Syria Alexander Lavrentiev, is expected to hold talks with Syria's new rulers. Two Syrian sources earlier told Reuters that discussions between the delegation and Syria's leadership were scheduled in Damascus this week. Russia, which provided refuge and military support to Assad against rebel forces before his downfall, aims to retain its two bases in Syria: the naval facility in Tartous and the Hmeimim air base near the port city of Latakia. The Tartous facility serves as Russia's sole Mediterranean repair and replenishment hub, and Moscow has used Syria as a staging post for its military contractors traveling to and from Africa.

Coca-Cola Europacific Partners has recalled a range of soft drinks, including Coke, Fanta, and Sprite, in Europe due to excessive levels of chlorate. These products have been distributed in Belgium, the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, France, and Luxembourg since November. The company advises consumers to return cans and bottles with production codes from 328 GE to 338 GE. According to Jefferies analyst Edward Mundy, the impact of the recall is likely limited, with most affected products already withdrawn. Britain's Food Standards Agency is investigating the presence of these products in the British market and will take action to remove any unsafe items and alert consumers.

In 2011, Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich was photographed on his superyacht Eclipse during Christmas, despite it being chartered by a company in the British Virgin Islands. An investigation by the BBC and the Bureau of Investigative Journalism revealed a decade-long scheme where Abramovich's fleet of yachts was falsely presented as a commercial leasing operation to evade millions in VAT. Five luxury yachts, including the 162.5m Eclipse, were involved in the tax dodge. Leaked files from MeritServus showed how Abramovich's advisers used a network of companies he controlled to avoid taxes. Despite legal scrutiny, Abramovich denies any knowledge or personal responsibility for the scheme.

French police are investigating death threats against a judge and two prosecutors involved in the corruption trial of far-right leader Marine Le Pen, who could be barred from the 2027 presidential election. Le Pen and her National Rally (RN) party are accused of misusing European funds. Prosecutors are seeking a five-year ban from public office for Le Pen. The threats appeared in the comments section of the far-right website Riposte Laïque. Paris police have launched an investigation. The website claims to have deleted the threats, but archived versions remain accessible. The threats have raised concerns about judicial independence in France.

US journalist Tucker Carlson stated on Monday that former US Secretary of State Antony Blinken effectively led the Biden administration, attempting to provoke a war between the United States and Russia. In an interview with journalist Matt Taibi, Carlson claimed that Blinken did everything possible in the last two months to accelerate the US-Russia conflict, actions he deemed should be illegal. He also noted that Blinken's actions were demonstrably evil and stupid, with his 'fingerprints' evident everywhere. Carlson further expressed confidence that Blinken had de-facto led the administration and played the role of the president for several months, continuously pushing for an actual war with Russia.

On January 28, 2025, US President Donald Trump called the rise of Chinese company DeepSeek 'a wake-up call' for the US tech industry. DeepSeek's R1 model, developed at a fraction of the cost of its rivals, triggered a shockwave on Wall Street, causing Nvidia to lose nearly $600bn in market value. DeepSeek became the most downloaded free app in the US just a week after its launch. Trump suggested this could be positive for the US, but Australian Science Minister Ed Husic expressed concerns over data privacy. Founded by Liang Wenfeng, DeepSeek's technology has received praise but also faces skepticism. As the US restricts chip exports to China, Chinese AI developers are finding alternative approaches, leading to mixed market reactions.

The newly launched Chinese AI app DeepSeek has swiftly shaken the technology industry and stock markets, described by venture capitalist Marc Andreessen as AI's 'Sputnik moment.' Over the weekend, DeepSeek became the most downloaded free app on Apple's US App Store. By Monday, the AI chatbot triggered a massive sell-off of major tech stocks, with Nvidia's shares plunging by 17%, erasing nearly $600 billion in market value. DeepSeek's development cost was just $5.6 million, a fraction of what giants like OpenAI spend. Analyst Gene Munster questioned DeepSeek's financials, suspecting subsidies. President Donald Trump called it a 'wake-up call' for US tech. DeepSeek's rise challenges the US's leadership in AI.

Recently, Chinese AI startup DeepSeek surpassed ChatGPT in US download rankings, causing a significant drop in US tech stocks. President Trump warned it 'sounded the alarm' for US industries. DeepSeek's low-cost, high-performance model challenges the US monopoly, with training costs only 5%-10% of OpenAI's. Its innovative approach has sparked panic among US tech professionals, with social media discussions far exceeding news coverage. A report by the China Industrial Internet Research Institute shows significant progress in domestic large models, positioning DeepSeek as a milestone in China's AI development, breaking international market dominance and showcasing Chinese ingenuity.

On January 28, 2025, under a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, Palestinians displaced to the south by Israeli orders during the war began returning to their homes in northern Gaza. Gaza City, after 15 months of fighting, lay in ruins, with many seeking shelter among the rubble and searching for lost relatives. Over 300,000 people had returned to Gaza City and the northern edge of the enclave. Hamas is set to release more Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners. The second phase of ceasefire negotiations, which will decide the fate of remaining hostages and Israeli withdrawal, is due to start soon. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu faces pressure from hardliners in his government, while U.S. President Donald Trump's proposal has further complicated the situation.

Congolese social networks are filled with calls to paralyze city life in protest against Rwanda's alleged support of the ethnic Tutsi-led M23 rebel group. Protesters have attacked embassies of countries suspected of supporting M23, looting Uganda's Embassy and setting fire to the French Embassy. Roadblocks with burning tires have been set up across Kinshasa, with police deployed to restore order. Rallies in support of the Congolese army, which is defending against rebel and Rwandan army attacks, have been organized in several cities. In Goma, the largest city in eastern Congo, the Congolese army holds key strategic positions, while UN and Southern African Development Community peacekeepers safeguard the international airport. The M23 rebels, who began hostilities in January 2021, have captured several towns and over 100 villages in North Kivu province.

On January 28 local time, a Busan Airline plane's tail caught fire at Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea. The aircraft was originally scheduled to fly to Hong Kong, China. After the fire broke out, all 169 passengers and 7 crew members were evacuated emergency. According to South Korea's YTN TV, some people on board sustained minor injuries. Local fire authorities have initiated firefighting operations, and the cause of the fire is under further investigation.

On January 28 local time, a Busan Airline plane caught fire at Gimhae International Airport in Busan, South Korea. As of now, there have been no reported casualties. Local fire departments have rushed to the scene to extinguish the blaze. The specific cause of the fire is still under investigation. Gimhae Airport is the main international airport in Busan, and this incident may impact its operations. Reporter Tang Xin from the central media outlet was the first to report on the event.

Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen, while visiting France on the 28th, stated that national sovereignty and territorial integrity must be respected, in response to the US threat to seize control of Greenland. She emphasized that Denmark has received significant support from European partners and conveyed a clear message to the US. Frederiksen also highlighted the importance of building a strong Europe on social media. Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark with rich resources, has been a target of US President Trump's expressed desire for control since his election victory in November 2024.

On January 15, 2025, the Trump administration introduced a government-wide 'deferred resignation' buyout program, encouraging federal workers to resign by February 6. Those who accept will receive pay and benefits through September 30. The move aims to ensure federal workers align with the new administration's higher office standards. Currently, only 6% of federal employees work full-time in office. The White House expects up to 10% of employees to take the buyout. All full-time federal employees except military personnel, USPS workers, and specific roles are eligible. Trump signed an order ending remote-work policies. The federal labor union criticized the plan, warning of chaos in government operations.

Two Colombian air force planes have landed in Bogotá, bringing back deported migrants from the US. On Sunday, Colombian President Gustavo Petro barred US military aircraft from landing, arguing that the deportees were being treated like criminals. The incident nearly led to a trade war, with Trump threatening 25% tariffs on Colombian goods and Petro promising retaliation. A diplomatic deal was reached, allowing Colombia to send its planes to ensure migrants were treated with dignity. The US had imposed visa restrictions and sanctions, which were lifted after the migrants returned. It remains unclear if Colombia will continue this practice.

In 2023, the symbolic Doomsday Clock was moved 10 seconds closer to midnight, primarily due to the Ukraine crisis, reaching 90 seconds to midnight. On January 28, 2024, Daniel Holtz, Chairman of the Science and Safety Board of the US Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, announced during a videoconference that the clock was adjusted one second closer, now showing 89 seconds to midnight, the closest it has ever been. However, in 2024, scientists refrained from further adjustments to the clock's position.

Lebanon agreed to extend the presence of Israeli troops in its southern areas until February 18 in exchange for the release of Hezbollah or other Lebanese prisoners. Initially, Israeli troops were scheduled to leave by the end of January under a ceasefire deal concluded on November 27. Israeli demands for an extension were due to insufficient time to destroy Hezbollah's military infrastructure, leaving Lebanon with no choice but to consent. Another reason for Israel's extended presence was to gauge Hezbollah's reaction and potential future actions. Last weekend, Lebanese civilians attempting to return to their southern homes were fired upon by Israeli troops, resulting in 15 deaths and 83 injuries. Hezbollah termed this a 'natural form of resistance' and blamed the Lebanese government. The November 27 ceasefire, brokered by the US and France, stipulated the deployment of Lebanese forces and UN peacekeepers along the southern border, with Hezbollah withdrawing beyond the Litani River. Israel was given 60 days to withdraw, but the White House announced an extension to February 18.

French President Emmanuel Macron announced the relocation of the Mona Lisa to a new exhibition space at the Louvre in Paris by 2031, as part of efforts to alleviate overcrowding. This move is part of his New Renaissance project, which includes an international competition to design a second entrance. Starting next January, non-EU visitors, including UK tourists, will pay higher entry fees. Louvre Director Laurence des Cars highlighted severe overcrowding and infrastructure issues, with annual visitor numbers exceeding nine million. About three-quarters of the museum's 30,000 daily visitors come to see the Mona Lisa, but the experience is suboptimal. The project also involves redesigning the eastern facade and creating new underground exhibition spaces, with a total cost of several hundred million euros, to be funded through ticket sales, donations, and sponsorship.

On January 28 local time, the Israeli Prime Minister's Office confirmed that Prime Minister Netanyahu will meet with U.S. President Trump at the White House on February 4. Netanyahu is the first foreign leader invited to visit the White House during Trump's second term. The meeting is highly anticipated and is expected to discuss bilateral relations and regional security issues. CCTV reporter Xu Tan reported the news.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been invited to meet US President Donald Trump at the White House next week, specifically on February 4th, according to Netanyahu's office. Trump previously mentioned on Air Force One that Netanyahu would visit Washington soon. The meeting coincides with a six-week ceasefire in Gaza, agreed upon by Israel and Hamas. Trump has claimed credit for the ceasefire, attributing it to his presidential election win. Last week, Trump proposed that Egypt and Jordan take in Palestinians from Gaza, a suggestion met with widespread condemnation. The conflict began on October 7, 2023, when Hamas attacked Israel, killing about 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages to Gaza, followed by an Israeli offensive that resulted in over 47,200 Palestinian deaths.

Google's maps division reclassified the U.S. as a 'sensitive country' on Monday, a designation typically reserved for states with strict governments and border disputes. This move followed President Donald Trump's announcement that his administration would change names on official maps and federal communications, including renaming the Gulf of Mexico as the 'Gulf of America' and Mount Denali as Mount McKinley. Google ordered the reclassification on Monday and announced it would update the name of the body of water between the Yucatan and Florida peninsulas in Google Maps according to the Trump administration's updates. The decision highlights the challenges tech companies face in the early days of a second Trump presidency. Since the start of the year, companies like Meta, TikTok, and Amazon have adjusted their products and policies to reflect Trump's political views and executive orders. Google's list of sensitive countries includes China, Russia, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq, with the U.S. and Mexico being new additions. Google Maps, with over 2 billion monthly users, is the world's top navigation app.

On January 28, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz sharply criticized Elon Musk's support for right-wing parties in the European Union during a campaign event in Berlin, calling it 'really disgusting' and stating that it hinders democracy in the bloc. Musk, who has repeatedly attacked Scholz and his government, urging him to resign and claiming that the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party is the country's only savior, recently made a surprise appearance via video link at an AfD campaign event, urging Germans not to feel guilty about their parents' sins. Scholz strongly criticized Musk's remarks on German history, emphasizing Germany's ongoing responsibility for its past actions. This week, as the world commemorates the liberation of the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz, Scholz expressed gratitude to the US for freeing Germany from the Nazis and helping it become a democracy again, while expressing anger over Musk's intervention for the far-right. Last week, Musk caused uproar with a gesture resembling a Nazi salute during Trump's inauguration festivities. The anti-immigration, anti-Islam AfD, labeled as a right-wing extremist party by German security services, is currently polling second in nationwide surveys ahead of the upcoming snap election in Germany, where the debate on immigration has intensified following a series of violent attacks by foreign-born suspects.

CCTV reporters learned that the United Nations announced the United States will officially exit the Paris Agreement on January 27, 2026. The agreement, reached in 2015 and signed by nearly 200 countries and regions, came into effect in 2016, aiming to control global temperature rise. US President Trump signed an executive order on January 20 to announce the withdrawal. The US has toggled its participation in the agreement three times in less than eight years. The European Union expressed regret, emphasizing continued cooperation on climate change. A poll shows about half of Americans oppose the withdrawal.

On the 28th, the spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General stated that the United States has notified the UN of its withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on January 27th. According to the agreement, the withdrawal will take effect on January 27, 2026. The Paris Agreement was reached in 2015; in June 2017, then-President Trump announced the withdrawal; on November 4, 2020, the US officially exited. On January 20, 2021, President Biden signed an executive order on his first day in office to rejoin, and the US officially rejoined on February 19 of the same year. This year, President Trump announced the withdrawal again on his inauguration day.

Caroline Kennedy urged senators on Tuesday to reject her cousin Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s nomination to lead the top U.S. health agency, calling him a 'predator' and his healthcare views 'dangerous.' She argued that RFK Jr. has discouraged vaccinations for personal profit and lacks the necessary experience to head the Department of Health and Human Services. Nominated by President Donald Trump in November, RFK Jr. will face questioning by senators on Wednesday at 10 a.m. ET. In a social media video, Caroline Kennedy accused RFK Jr. of lying and cheating throughout his life, emphasizing the need for a secretary committed to advancing medical science. Despite RFK Jr.'s written testimony supporting vaccines, he has led an anti-vaccine group and faces scrutiny over ties to a pharmaceutical law firm.

EU diplomacy chief Kaja Kallas stated that Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft's Xbox gaming consoles could be included in the 16th package of sanctions against Russia, as reported by the Financial Times. Brussels is examining items that aid Russia's military actions, with game consoles being considered due to their apparent use in controlling drones. Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony halted sales in Russia in early March 2022, so the EU ban will target third parties in member states reselling goods to Russia, including used games. The sanctions list will also include chemicals allegedly essential for Russia's military industry and restrictions on LNG imports. Diplomatic sources added that the proposed 16th package may include measures to limit Russian aluminum imports, though it is unclear whether this will be a complete ban or the imposition of duties.

On October 31, 2024, Starbucks announced a new round of leadership changes. CEO Brian Niccol brought in two executives from his former employer Taco Bell and restructured key leadership roles to advance the 'Back to Starbucks' plan and optimize the operating model. The company reported first-quarter earnings and revenue that exceeded analyst expectations, but same-store sales declined for the fourth consecutive quarter. Current North American President Sara Trilling will depart, with Meredith Sandland taking over as Chief Store Development Officer and Mike Grams joining as North America Chief Stores Officer. Chief Supply Officer Arthur Valdez also plans to leave the company.

Starbucks reported on Tuesday that its same-store sales declined for the fourth consecutive quarter, but its quarterly earnings and revenue exceeded Wall Street expectations. The company launched a turnaround plan last quarter to revitalize its U.S. business. CEO Brian Niccol stated that the company is making progress as planned and is confident in its direction. Starbucks has eliminated extra charges for nondairy milk options and plans to cut 30% of its food and beverage menu items by the end of fiscal 2025. The company reported earnings per share of 69 cents, surpassing the expected 67 cents, and revenue of $9.4 billion, higher than the anticipated $9.31 billion. U.S. same-store sales fell 4% with an 8% decline in traffic. In China, same-store sales dropped 6%, driven by a 4% decrease in average ticket. Starbucks also plans to reduce new store openings and renovations in fiscal 2025 to free up capital for its comeback.

U.S. Senate Democrats on Tuesday blocked a Republican-led effort to sanction the International Criminal Court (ICC) in protest of its arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his former defense minister. The chamber voted 54-45 in favor of the bill, falling short of the 60 votes needed for passage. Senator John Fetterman was the only Democrat to support the measure. The 'Illegitimate Court Counteraction Act' would have imposed sanctions on foreigners investigating, arresting, detaining, or prosecuting U.S. citizens or those of allied countries, including Israel. The bill had earlier passed the House of Representatives 243-140. Senate Democrats argued the bill was too broad and risked alienating key allies and sanctioning low-level ICC staff in the Netherlands. Republicans had hoped the bill would be signed into law by President Donald Trump soon after his inauguration on Jan. 20, ahead of Netanyahu's planned visit to the White House on Feb. 4. White House officials did not immediately comment on whether Trump would use an executive order to impose sanctions.

On January 28, US District Judge Loren AliKhan temporarily blocked part of President Donald Trump's directive to pause federal grants, loans, and other financial aid until February 3. This ruling responded to a lawsuit from nonprofits, public health officials, and small businesses, who argued the policy would disrupt programs serving tens of millions of Americans. Trump's directive is part of his sweeping effort to overhaul the federal government, which has included halting foreign aid, freezing hiring, and shutting down diversity programs. Democrats criticized the move as an illegal assault on Congress' spending authority, while Republicans defended it as fulfilling campaign promises. The White House claimed critical benefit programs would not be affected, but Senator Ron Wyden confirmed that doctors in all 50 states were unable to secure Medicaid payments. White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt stated the Medicaid portal would soon be back online. Health care officials warned that the interruption could cause lasting damage.

US President Donald Trump's decision to freeze foreign aid programs has left US officials and humanitarian aid workers in shock, according to The Wall Street Journal. The three-month pause in approximately $60 billion worth of foreign-aid financing could severely damage critical programs overseas and give rivals like China an opportunity to supplant the US as a reliable partner. Officials responsible for administering foreign aid have inundated the State Department with waiver requests, warning that even a temporary pause could cost lives. A State Department spokeswoman argued that the pause is necessary to ensure the efficiency of foreign-assistance programs and support the new administration's agenda. The move appears to freeze funding for weapons supplies to Ukraine and Taiwan. Earlier, Politico reported that Secretary of State Marco Rubio halted spending on nearly all foreign aid programs for 90 days, with exceptions for military funding to Israel and Egypt. Decisions on continuing, altering, or ceasing foreign aid will be made upon review by the top US diplomat. Reuters later reported that USAID had put projects related to assistance to Ukraine on hold.

US President Donald Trump has paused grants, loans, and other federal assistance according to a leaked government memo verified by CBS News. The memo, signed by acting Office of Management and Budget (OMB) head Matthew Vaeth, directs government agencies to temporarily halt financial assistance programs to review spending potentially impacted by Trump's orders. The pause does not affect Medicaid and Social Security benefits but has been criticized by the Democratic Party for its 'devastating consequences' on essential programs. The spending, allocated by Congress, is likely to face legal challenges. Agencies must report paused programs by February 10, with no official White House comment yet on the leaked document.

Palestinian Adham Bartawi returned to his home in northern Gaza after more than a year and found most of it destroyed. Since Israel allowed displaced residents to start returning on Monday, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians have gone back to the north. This return is a result of the ceasefire deal between Hamas and Israel, aimed at ending the war that began on October 7, 2023, when Hamas attacked Israel. A UN official noted the massive effort required to provide key services to those returning. The UN estimates that about 70% of the Gaza Strip's buildings have been damaged or destroyed since October 2023, with the worst destruction in the north. Many residents are returning despite knowing their homes are likely destroyed, as basic aid supplies have started arriving since the ceasefire came into effect a week ago.

An opinion poll revealed that 85% of Greenlanders oppose their Arctic island becoming part of the United States. U.S. President Donald Trump previously stated that Greenland is vital to U.S. security and Denmark should relinquish control over the strategically important island. The survey showed only 6% of Greenlanders support joining the U.S., with 9% undecided. Denmark announced it would spend 14.6 billion crowns to enhance its military presence in the Arctic. Greenland, which received broad self-governing autonomy in 2009, has been pushed for independence by Prime Minister Mute Egede, who insists the island is not for sale and its future should be decided by its people. The U.S. military maintains a permanent presence at the Pituffik Space Base in northwestern Greenland, a key location for its ballistic missile early-warning system.

On January 28, two Syrian sources reported that Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov is scheduled to meet Syria's new rulers in Damascus this week, marking the first visit by Russian officials since the ousting of Moscow's ally, President Bashar al-Assad. Details of the meetings and the duration of the visit remain undisclosed, with no immediate comment from Russian authorities. Russia, a long-time ally of Assad, militarily intervened to help reclaim territory during the conflict that began in 2011. In December 2024, a rapid rebel offensive forced Assad to flee Damascus, first to the Russian-run Hmeimim Air Base in northern Syria, and then to Moscow. Bogdanov stated that Russia's contacts with Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the Islamist group leading the offensive against Assad, were 'proceeding in a constructive manner'. Russia aims to retain its two bases in Syria, but the new Syrian administration cancelled a contract with Russian firm STG Stroytransgaz for managing the Tartous port. Syria's interim Defence Minister Murhaf Abu Qasra noted ongoing negotiations with Russia to determine the nature of their future relationship.

On January 28 local time, as the Israeli parliament's bill to ban the operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in Israel was about to take effect, the UN Security Council held an open meeting on the issue. Representatives from China and other countries expressed their support for UNRWA. UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini emphasized the irreplaceable services provided by the agency, noting that the new legislation would severely undermine its operational capacity and jeopardize the lives of millions of Palestinians, ceasefire efforts, and prospects for a lasting political solution for peace and security. China's Permanent Representative to the UN, Fu Cong, called on Israel to cease restrictions and attacks on UNRWA and to halt the implementation of the bill. He urged the international community to continue supporting UNRWA's functions and for the UN and Security Council to take necessary urgent actions to ensure its operations. Fu stressed that supporting UNRWA is crucial for upholding international law and the authority of the multilateral system. UNRWA, established by a UN General Assembly resolution, enjoys privileges and immunities, and its dignity, security, and convenience should be guaranteed. Israel's suppression of UNRWA contradicts obligations under the UN Charter and international law, setting a dangerous precedent with widespread negative consequences. Supporting UNRWA is vital for the survival of millions in Gaza, as the agency undertakes over half of the aid work there. Its role is indispensable and cannot be replaced. Suppressing UNRWA contradicts commitments to expand humanitarian aid. UNRWA is also the only agency capable of providing education in Gaza and must be included in post-conflict reconstruction plans. Supporting UNRWA is essential for the social stability of the West Bank, where it is a key provider of public services and a significant part of the socio-economic fabric. If UNRWA were to cease operations, it would lead to the closure of education, healthcare, and other public services in the West Bank, causing many Palestinians to lose their livelihoods and income sources, severely impacting social stability. Supporting UNRWA is also crucial for the political resolution of the Palestinian issue. While UNRWA is not a permanent institution, it remains indispensable until Palestinian self-determination is achieved and the two-state solution is fully implemented. To enable UNRWA to fulfill its mission, the international community must intensify efforts to revitalize the two-state solution and collectively resist unilateral actions that undermine it, including dangerous attempts to alter Gaza's population and territory and annex the West Bank. China emphasized that debates over UNRWA's neutrality are settled, with an independent review panel appointed by the Secretary-General confirming robust mechanisms in place to ensure neutrality. Misconduct by individual personnel should not be attributed to the agency as a whole, and addressing such issues should not affect UNRWA's overall humanitarian nature. China hopes that countries making allegations against UNRWA will share evidence. Fu reiterated that the UN and Security Council have a responsibility to take necessary urgent actions to protect UNRWA's functions and prevent new collective punishment against the people of Gaza. China is committed to continuing efforts with all parties to alleviate the humanitarian crisis, restore peace between Israel and Palestine, and achieve long-term regional stability.

On January 28, 2025, the Doomsday Clock, symbolizing humanity's proximity to destruction, was moved forward by one second to 89 seconds to midnight, the closest it has ever been. The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (BAS) cited nuclear threats, potential misuses of advances in biology and artificial intelligence, and climate change as key factors. Daniel Holz, chair of the BAS Science and Security Board, called the move a warning to all world leaders. In their statement, BAS highlighted that the ongoing war in Ukraine and conflicts in the Middle East could escalate into broader wars, while the long-term outlook for addressing climate change remains poor. Threats in the biological realm persist, and the military use of artificial intelligence increases risks. The spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories exacerbates these dangers, with the US, China, and Russia holding the collective power and responsibility to pull the world back from the brink.

On January 28, Russian President Vladimir Putin stated in response to a journalist's question that any future negotiations with Ukraine would ensure Russian interests. Putin emphasized that Russia is not opposed to negotiating with any Ukrainian representatives, but the signing of documents must be treated seriously to ensure long-term security for both countries. He pointed out that Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky is unauthorized to sign documents on behalf of Ukraine, as his term extension was not approved by the Verkhovna Rada. Putin believes that if Ukraine does not revoke the decree prohibiting negotiations with Russia, any talks would be illegal. The chairman of the Verkhovna Rada could legally cancel this decree, but Russia has not seen any willingness from Ukraine to do so. Zelensky's term is set to end in May 2024, and due to the state of war, Ukraine did not hold the scheduled presidential election in March 2024.

Jordanian helicopters have commenced aid deliveries to Gaza, marking the first since the ceasefire between Israel and Hamas was declared. The BBC was permitted to join the mission, landing in Israeli-controlled southern Gaza between the Israeli border and Wadi al-Salqa. The small airstrip, surrounded by razor wire, can only accommodate two Blackhawk landings at a time. Jordanian personnel do not leave the airstrip. The aid, including supplies from Britain, is delivered amid a desolate landscape. Jordanian air force men ensure World Food Programme staff receive the aid, with trucks waiting to transport it to nearby Khan Younis. The operation is swift, with 14 more helicopters queued to follow, highlighting the urgency. Despite being on the edge of the conflict zone, the area resembles a wasteland after 15 months of war. Dr Mohammad al-Momani, Jordan's official spokesman, described the humanitarian situation in Gaza as 'horrific and inhumane,' stating Jordan is collaborating with the international community to alleviate suffering.

US First Lady Melania Trump's new official portrait was released on Monday. The black and white photo, taken in the White House, shows her wearing a dark business suit and white shirt, with her hands resting on a reflective table in the Yellow Oval Room. The Washington Monument is visible in the background. The photographer, Régine Mahaux from Belgium, has been taking photos of the Trump family for over 20 years. Experts note that the portrait depicts Melania moving from the family quarters to a space closer to the Oval Office, appearing ready to wield more power. Fashion critics observe that the portrait's heaviness contrasts with the traditional role of a first lady, exuding a sense of corporate power.

The Chinese AI app DeepSeek became the most downloaded free app in the US just a week after its launch, with its R1 model significantly cheaper than rivals, causing market turmoil. US President Donald Trump described it as a wake-up call for the US tech industry. DeepSeek excels in writing assistance, coding, and brainstorming, rivaling OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Gemini. Prof Neil Lawrence from the University of Cambridge believes this is just the beginning of AI innovation.

On January 24, Colombian President Gustavo Petro barred two US military planes carrying deported Colombians from landing, sparking a dispute. The Trump administration threatened punitive tariffs on Colombian exports. Initially, Petro vowed to retaliate with tariffs on US goods, but later, the White House announced Colombia's agreement to accept deported migrants without limitation. The White House hailed this as a victory for Trump's tough stance. Petro demanded dignity for migrants, referencing a video of deported Brazilians in restraints. Ultimately, Colombia agreed to receive deportees, averting a trade war. In 2022, bilateral trade was worth $53.5 billion.

On January 26, 2025, Colombian Foreign Minister Luis Gilberto Murillo announced at a press conference in Bogota's San Carlos Palace that Colombia and the United States had reached an agreement on the issue of military aircraft carrying deported migrants, averting a trade war. Previously, U.S. President Donald Trump had threatened tariffs and sanctions against Colombia for refusing to accept military flights carrying deportees. In a statement late Sunday, the White House said Colombia had agreed to accept the migrants, and the U.S. would not impose the threatened penalties. Colombian Foreign Minister Murillo stated that the presidential plane was ready to facilitate the return of deported Colombians. The previously proposed measures included imposing 25% tariffs on Colombian goods, which would rise to 50% in a week; a travel ban and visa revocations for Colombian government officials; and emergency treasury, banking, and financial sanctions.

On January 27, the city of Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo became a combat zone between the Congolese armed forces and the rebel group March 23 Movement. A senior UN official stated that active combat zones have spread throughout all neighborhoods of the city. It is confirmed that Rwandan troops are present in Goma to support the M23 rebels, though the exact number is unclear. Units of the UN Stabilization Mission in the DRC remain in their positions. Corneille Nangaa, a leader of the Congo River Alliance which includes M23, said the rebels aim to seize power in Kinshasa, the capital, to recreate the state. Nangaa was previously sentenced to death in absentia by a DRC tribunal for treason and war crimes and formerly served as the head of the DRC's election commission.

Regular army units of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda are exchanging bombardments across their shared border. Clashes are occurring near Goma between government-aligned militia and a rebel alliance led by the ethnic Tutsi M23 militia. Early on Monday, M23 fighters entered Goma, the largest city in eastern Congo. The Congolese government blames Rwanda for supporting the rebels. In response, Congo authorities closed the border with Rwanda near Goma on Monday morning.

According to the Kremlin's official website, Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated Alexander Lukashenko on his re-election as the President of Belarus on the 27th. Putin expressed his anticipation of meeting Lukashenko soon in Moscow. Preliminary results released by the Belarus Central Election Commission early on the 27th showed that Lukashenko won the presidential election held on the 26th with 86.82% of the vote.

Denmark has announced it will invest 14.6 billion kroner (approximately £1.6 billion or $2.05 billion) in partnership with its autonomous territories Greenland and the Faroe Islands to enhance security in the Arctic region. The plan includes three new Arctic ships, additional long-range drones with advanced imaging capabilities, and stronger satellite capacity. Denmark's Defence Minister Troels Lund Poulsen stated that serious security and defense challenges exist in the Arctic and North Atlantic. This move follows US President Donald Trump's repeated expressions of interest in acquiring Greenland, an island with wide-ranging autonomy but still part of Denmark. Greenland, the world's most sparsely populated territory, is home to about 56,000 predominantly indigenous Inuit people. The US has long maintained a security interest in Greenland, establishing military and radio stations there during World War II. Greenland's strategic location on the shortest route from North America to Europe makes it significant for the US. In recent years, there has been growing interest in Greenland's natural resources, including rare earth minerals, uranium, and iron.

On January 27, Greenland's Minister for Independence and Foreign Affairs Vivian Motzfeldt and Denmark's Minister of Defence Troels Lund Poulsen presented a Defence Agreement on the Arctic and North Atlantic at the Ministry of Defence in Copenhagen. Denmark announced it would spend 14.6 billion Danish crowns (approximately S$2.76 billion) to enhance its military presence in the Arctic, following renewed interest by US President Donald Trump in controlling Greenland, a semi-autonomous Danish territory. Trump stated this month that Greenland is vital to US security and Denmark must relinquish control of the strategically important Arctic island. After over a decade of drastic cuts in defence spending, Denmark allocated 190 billion Danish crowns for its military over a 10-year period last year, part of which is now earmarked for the Arctic. Currently, Denmark's limited military capabilities in Greenland include four ageing inspection vessels, a Challenger surveillance plane, and 12 dog sled patrols, tasked with monitoring an area four times the size of France. The deal includes funding for three new Arctic navy vessels, doubling the number of planned long-range surveillance drones to four, and satellite surveillance. Political parties agreed to set aside additional funds for the Arctic in a deal to be presented in the first half of the year. The US military maintains a permanent presence at the Pituffik Space Base in north-western Greenland, a strategic location for its ballistic missile early-warning system, as the shortest route from Europe to North America passes through the island.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on the United States to consider additional exemptions to a 90-day pause on its foreign assistance to ensure the continued delivery of critical development and humanitarian activities. U.S. President Donald Trump announced the pause shortly after taking office to review aid contributions for alignment with his foreign policy, risking the cutoff of billions in life-saving assistance. The U.S., the largest single aid donor, disbursed $72 billion in fiscal year 2023. UN spokesperson Stephane Dujarric noted the U.S.'s significant contribution and the body's efforts to assess the pause's impact. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio has granted an exemption for emergency food aid. Aid and rights groups have expressed concerns, emphasizing the importance of continuing vital assistance during the review.

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres expressed concern over the US decision to suspend foreign assistance. He called for additional exemptions to ensure the continued delivery of critical development and humanitarian aid to the most vulnerable communities worldwide. Spokesman Stephane Dujarric stated that Guterres looks forward to engaging with the new US administration on development support. The US is one of the largest aid providers, and its assistance is crucial for developing countries. Last week, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio halted most existing foreign aid grants for 90 days, with exceptions for military funding to Israel and Egypt, while aid to Ukraine, Jordan, and Taiwan is likely to be suspended.

French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot announced on Monday that the European Union is partially lifting sanctions on Syria to help stabilize Damascus after the ousting of President Bashar al-Assad in December. EU foreign ministers discussed the matter at a meeting in Brussels, with EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas expressing hope for an agreement. Barrot stated that sanctions on Syria's energy, transport, and key financial institutions would be suspended. He also mentioned France's proposal to sanction Iranian officials responsible for detaining French citizens. Assad's overthrow on Dec. 8 ended Syria's 13-year civil war, which left cities in ruins, services deteriorated, and most of the population in poverty, while Western sanctions isolated its economy.

On January 27, 2025, Swedish authorities seized the Maltese-flagged ship Vezhen, suspected of damaging an undersea data cable running to Latvia in the Baltic Sea. The ship is currently anchored outside the Swedish port of Karlskrona. Preliminary investigations suggest sabotage, with Sweden's police, military, and coast guard involved in the inquiry. Bulgarian shipping company Navigation Maritime Bulgare claimed the ship's anchor dropped due to high winds, denying malicious intent. Latvia's military reported three ships in the area where the damage occurred. NATO recently launched a new mission in the Baltic Sea in response to repeated attacks on underwater cables. Latvian Prime Minister Evika Silina stated her country is working closely with Sweden and NATO. The damaged cable belongs to Latvia's state broadcaster LVRTC, which reported minor disruptions. NATO's new Baltic Sentry mission includes more patrol aircraft, warships, and drones. NATO chief Mark Rutte vowed to step up monitoring of Russia's 'shadow fleet' and respond robustly to future incidents. Finnish police are also investigating a Russian ship's involvement in a separate cable sabotage between Finland and Estonia.

On July 31, 2018, James McHenry testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee in the Hart Senate Office Building on Capitol Hill. The U.S. Department of Justice fired officials involved in the now-terminated federal criminal prosecutions of President Donald Trump by former special counsel Jack Smith on Monday. This action came a week after Trump was sworn in for a second, non-consecutive term. Acting Attorney General James McHenry terminated the employment of these DOJ officials, stating he did not trust them to implement the President's agenda faithfully. The fired officials included Molly Gaston, J.P. Cooney, Anne McNamara, and Mary Dohrmann. Former U.S. Attorney Joyce Vance criticized the firings as anti-rule of law and anti-democracy. Smith had filed criminal charges against Trump in two separate cases in federal district courts in Washington, D.C., and South Florida, related to the 2020 election interference and retention of classified documents, but both cases were dismissed.

According to Xinhua News Agency's report from Washington on January 27, the US Department of Justice has fired several officials involved in investigating current President Trump. These officials were part of Special Counsel Jack Smith's team investigating Trump's alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election results and mishandling of government classified documents. Acting Attorney General James McHenry stated that he dismissed these officials due to doubts about their loyalty to the president's agenda. The DOJ is firing at least a dozen officials from Smith's investigative team. Smith resigned on January 10 and dropped charges against Trump. Additionally, Interim Prosecutor Ed Martin in Washington D.C. has launched an internal investigation into prosecutors who charged participants in the January 6, 2021, Capitol riot. Trump signed an executive order on January 20 pardoning about 1,500 riot participants, sparking widespread controversy.

The U.S. Senate confirmed Scott Bessent as President Donald Trump's Treasury Secretary on Monday, with a vote of 68-29, including support from 16 Democrats. As the 79th Treasury Secretary, Bessent will oversee national tax collections and the $28 trillion Treasury debt market, wielding significant influence over fiscal policy. During his confirmation hearing, Bessent warned that failing to renew $4 trillion in expiring tax cuts would be a 'calamity' for middle-class Americans and advocated for tariffs to counter unfair trade practices. His immediate challenge is managing federal cash flows after the government hit its debt limit. Bessent also faces the prospect of rising budget deficits and additional government debt, potentially running into trillions of dollars.

Israeli government spokesman David Mencer stated that Hamas has killed 8 of the 26 hostages due to be released in the first phase of the Gaza ceasefire deal. Since the ceasefire began on January 19, seven women have been freed in exchange for over 290 Palestinian prisoners. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office announced that Hamas agreed to release a female civilian, a female soldier, and another hostage on Thursday, with three more to be released on Saturday. Since Hamas's unprecedented cross-border attack on October 7, 2023, more than 47,310 people have been killed in Gaza. Israel claims 87 hostages remain in captivity, with 34 presumed dead. Hostage families express concern over the remaining hostages' status and urge the government to ensure the implementation of all phases of the agreement.

Google announced on Monday that it will rename the Gulf of Mexico to 'Gulf of America' following updates in official government sources. The company also stated it will start using Mount McKinley, currently known as Denali. Last week, President Donald Trump signed executive actions ordering the name changes on official maps and federal communications. Google noted that the Gulf of Mexico will retain its original name in Mexico, while users in other countries will see both names. Trump plans to restore the name of former President William McKinley to a mountain now referred to as Denali in Alaska, citing McKinley's contributions to the country's wealth through tariffs and talent. The mountain was named Mount McKinley until 2015, when the Obama administration changed it to Denali as a symbolic gesture to Alaska Natives.

Israel's government ordered the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to vacate its compound in East Jerusalem and cease operations by January 30, disrupting services for tens of thousands of Palestinian refugees. UNRWA has operated schools and clinics in East Jerusalem since 1967. On January 27, UNRWA staff were seen packing up in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood. An UNRWA spokesperson said they cannot inform beneficiaries about the future of services. Israel has not announced any replacement provisions. The impact of the ban on UNRWA's operations in the occupied West Bank and Gaza remains unclear.

On January 27, 2025, Coca-Cola recalled some of its drinks in certain European countries due to higher levels of chlorate. The recall is focused on Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, with only five product lines affected in Great Britain, which have already been sold. Affected brands include Coke, Fanta, Sprite, Tropico, and Minute Maid. The company stated that the risk to consumers is very low and has alerted authorities, continuing to collaborate with them. The Food Standards Agency is investigating, promising action if unsafe food is identified. Chlorate exposure can cause health issues, particularly in children and infants. The issue was discovered during routine testing at the company's facility in Ghent, Belgium.

To boost tourism and economic development, New Zealand has relaxed its visitor visa regulations, allowing travelers to work remotely while on vacation. Immigration Minister Stanford announced that the visa policy adjustment, effective January 27, applies to general tourists, family visit visa holders, and dependents of long-term visa holders. Digital nomad visas are popular in other countries, and New Zealand aims to attract high-skilled professionals, particularly IT talents from Southeast Asia and the United States. Economic Growth Minister Willis stated that the new policy is designed to position New Zealand as a welcoming destination for global talent and encourage visitors and their companies to engage in more business with New Zealand. The country's economy entered a technical recession in the third quarter of last year, and the tourism sector has not fully recovered, with current international visitor numbers at about 86% of 2019 levels.

The radical Palestinian group Islamic Jihad released a video of a woman identifying herself as Israeli hostage Arbel Yehud. In the video, she states she is in good health and held by Saraya al-Quds militants. She calls on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and US President Donald Trump to guarantee the ceasefire in the Gaza Strip. The Israeli prime minister's office said Hamas, an ally of Islamic Jihad, will release Yehud, expected on January 30 along with female soldier Agam Berger and another undisclosed hostage. In exchange, the Israel Defense Forces will allow Gaza residents to move into the northern part of the enclave starting January 27. Previously, thanks to mediation by Egypt, Qatar, and the United States, Israel and Hamas reached a ceasefire and hostage release agreement, with Hamas releasing 33 hostages in the first phase in exchange for Israel freeing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners.

On January 27th, a CCTV reporter learned that a US official stated a US military plane carrying deported migrants landed in Guatemala on the same day. The incident involves a US military aircraft and deported migrants, with specific time and location confirmed. The report was filed by CCTV journalist Liu Xiaojian.

On January 20, 2025, a U.S. military aircraft carrying deported migrants landed in Guatemala City, part of President Donald Trump's crackdown on illegal immigration. Despite nearly triggering a trade war with Colombia over the issue a day earlier, Trump persisted with his program of using military planes for deportations. This flight marked the third successful landing in Guatemala since the inception of military deportation flights last week. So far, Guatemala appears to be the only country receiving such military flights. This was the first flight following Trump's threats of tariffs and sanctions against Colombia for initially refusing to accept military flights with deportees. The White House later stated that Colombia had agreed to accept the migrants, and Washington would not impose the threatened penalties.

Moldovan Prime Minister Dorin Recean announced that the government has decided to provide Transnistria with 3 million cubic meters of gas on credit to maintain pressure in the gas transportation system until January 31. The EU has offered Moldova a grant of 30 million euros for gas purchases and electricity production. Brussels plans to adopt a two-year program to enhance energy sustainability, aiding Moldova in reducing its energy dependence. Gas supplies to Moldova were halted due to Ukraine's ban on Russian gas transit and Moldova's unresolved $709 million debt. Transnistria, lacking alternative gas sources, implemented energy-saving measures. Transnistrian President Vadim Krasnoselsky urged Moldova to fulfill its gas supply promise.

On January 27, the European Union announced an allocation of 30 million euros to Moldova for the purchase and transportation of natural gas to the Transnistrian region. The funds aim to help restore electricity and heating for over 350,000 inhabitants in the region until February 10, 2025. Additionally, the EU plans to provide financial support to Moldova in the coming weeks to mitigate the social impact of the crisis on Moldovan citizens and lay the groundwork for long-term energy resilience and economic growth. Gas supplies to Moldova were halted in early January following Ukraine's ban on the transit of Russian gas and Chisinau's refusal to settle a $709 million debt. Transnistria, lacking alternative gas sources, implemented energy-saving measures, including halting central heating and hot water supply, shutting down industrial enterprises, and initiating rolling blackouts. The Moldovan State District Power Plant has switched to coal, with reserves expected to last until the end of January or mid-February.

The first confirmed case of H5N9 bird flu in poultry was detected on a duck farm in Merced County, California, marking the first instance of this strain in the US, according to the World Organisation for Animal Health. The case was not publicly announced by US health officials due to the Trump administration's pause on government communications on health topics. Experts are concerned this could delay the release of crucial information. H5N9 is a highly pathogenic bird flu strain, and its emergence is causing concern. The US Department of Agriculture and state officials are investigating the case. While there is currently no evidence of human-to-human transmission, experts emphasize the need to closely monitor the virus for mutations.

On December 20, 2024, Pescadero, California, declared a state of emergency to prevent a new public health crisis. The World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) reported on Monday that the United States has experienced its first outbreak of H5N9 bird flu in a duck farm in California. U.S. authorities also detected the more common H5N1 strain at the same farm in Merced County, California. By December 2, nearly 119,000 birds on the farm had been culled. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), commonly known as bird flu, has spread globally in recent years, leading to the culling of hundreds of millions of poultry and affecting dozens of mammal species, including dairy cows in the U.S. and causing a human fatality in Louisiana. The H5N1 strain has been the most damaging in recent years, while H5N9 is rarer. The U.S. Department of Agriculture confirmed this as the first case of HPAI H5N9 in poultry in the United States and is conducting comprehensive epidemiological investigations and enhanced surveillance in collaboration with state animal health and wildlife officials.

On January 27, tens of thousands of Palestinians returned to northern Gaza after Hamas agreed to hand over three Israeli hostages later in the week and Israeli forces began withdrawing from a main corridor in the enclave. The first crossing point in central Gaza opened at 7am, followed by another three hours later, allowing vehicles to enter. Palestinians, repeatedly displaced over 15 months of war, cheered at the news. Hamas officials and ordinary Gazans rejected US President Donald Trump's suggestion that Jordan and Egypt take in Palestinians. Under the ceasefire, residents of northern Gaza were due to return at the weekend, but Israel halted the withdrawal due to Hamas's failure to release a female hostage. Qatari mediators resolved the dispute, and Hamas agreed to release three hostages on January 30, allowing the return from the morning of January 27. Around 650,000 were displaced during the war, and the Hamas-run Gaza government said returnees need at least 135,000 tents and shelters.

On January 27, 2025, the 80th anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi German Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp was commemorated in Oswiecim, Poland. Survivors were joined by world leaders including German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, Britain's King Charles, French President Emmanuel Macron, and Polish President Andrzej Duda. The event aimed to listen to survivors' firsthand accounts and honor the memory of the atrocities. Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk expressed concern over the German AfD party's attempts to downplay Nazi crimes. A spokesperson for the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum noted this was likely the last major anniversary with a significant number of survivors present. Four survivors were scheduled to speak, sharing their harrowing experiences in the camp, where over 1.1 million people were murdered.

In his first speech as the 47th US President, Donald Trump vowed to immediately halt illegal immigration and begin deporting millions of migrants. However, a clash erupted between the US and Colombia on Sunday over the deportation of illegal immigrants. Colombian President Gustavo Petro blocked two US planes carrying illegal migrants from landing in Bogota, accusing Trump of not treating the handcuffed deportees with dignity. In response, Trump announced 25% 'emergency' tariffs on all Colombian imports, set to rise to 50% in a week, along with a travel ban and visa sanctions. Petro swiftly retaliated with tariffs of up to 50%. Ultimately, Colombia agreed to all of Trump's terms, and the White House announced a hold on the tariffs and sanctions. The US military is assisting in border security and deportations, while protests against the new immigration policies erupted in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas.

The U.S. government announced that the ceasefire agreement between Israel and Lebanon will be extended to February 18, allowing more time for Israeli forces to withdraw from southern Lebanon. The White House issued a statement on the 26th, stating that the U.S., Israel, and Lebanon will begin negotiations on the release of Lebanese detainees held since the outbreak of the Israel-Hezbollah conflict. The original ceasefire, which took effect on November 27 last year, required Israeli withdrawal within 60 days. Lebanon indicated on the 27th that Israel had not withdrawn by the Sunday deadline but was willing to extend the ceasefire. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu stated that the withdrawal depends on Lebanon's full implementation of the agreement. Lebanese caretaker Prime Minister Mikati said the government would adhere to the ceasefire until February 18, 2025. On Sunday, Lebanese civilians attempting to return to their villages were fired upon by Israeli forces, resulting in 22 deaths and over 120 injuries. Hezbollah called on ceasefire supporters, including the U.S. and France, to hold Israel accountable for its actions.

Goma, the largest city in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has long been a refuge for those fleeing violence in one of the world's most conflict-ridden regions. On January 26th, the sophisticated militia group M23 seized control of Goma, marking the culmination of over two years of renewed violence by the previously dormant group. This event highlights the enduring weakness of the Congolese state and raises concerns that M23's patron, Rwanda, may be willing to use its influence to redraw the regional map, risking another catastrophic African war.

On January 19, 2025, Qatar announced an agreement to release an Israeli civilian hostage and allow Palestinians to return to northern Gaza, easing the first major crisis of the fragile ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Hamas will hand over the hostage Arbel Yehoud and two others. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office confirmed the hostage release on Thursday and Palestinians' northward movement on Monday. Israel had delayed allowing Palestinians to return due to Yehoud's non-release, which Hamas accused Israel of violating. Hamas also submitted a list of required information about hostages to be released in the ceasefire's first phase. Thousands of Palestinians gathered to move north, with Israeli forces firing on the crowd, killing two and injuring nine. U.S. President Donald Trump suggested temporarily resettling Gaza's population, rejected by Egypt, Jordan, and Palestinians. Hamas official Bassem Naim stated Palestinians would not accept such a proposal. The ceasefire aims to end the 15-month war, release hostages, and exchange Palestinian prisoners, with around 90 hostages still in Gaza, many believed to be dead.

Israel stated it would block the return of displaced Palestinians to their homes in northern Gaza until civilian woman hostage Arbel Yehud is released. On January 26, Palestinian leader Mahmud Abbas and armed group Hamas vowed to defy proposals for the forced displacement of Gazans, following US President Donald Trump's plan to 'clean out' the war-battered territory. Palestinian sources indicated a dispute related to hostage-prisoner swaps under the Israel-Hamas truce might be nearing a resolution, potentially allowing vast crowds of Palestinians to return to northern Gaza. The latest swap on January 25 saw four Israeli women hostages, all soldiers, and 200 prisoners, nearly all Palestinian, released – the second such exchange during the fragile truce entering its second week. After 15 months of war, Trump described Gaza as a 'demolition site' and discussed moving Palestinians out of the territory with Jordan's King Abdullah II. Abbas strongly opposed any plans to displace Palestinians from Gaza, while Hamas's Bassem Naim vowed to thwart such projects. The Arab League, Jordan, and Egypt also rejected the idea, warning against attempts to uproot the Palestinian people.

On January 26, 2025, tens of thousands of Palestinians, displaced from northern Gaza to the south by Israeli orders during the war, awaited return amid a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas. Israel accused Hamas of breaching the ceasefire and refused to open crossing points, causing mass delays. Witnesses reported people camping on main roads, eager to return north. An agreement backed by the U.S. was supposed to allow their return, but Israel cited Hamas' failure to provide a hostage list as a violation. U.S. President Donald Trump urged Egypt and Jordan to take in more Palestinians, drawing suspicion from Hamas official Basem Naim. Four Palestinians were wounded by Israeli fire during the standoff.

The Central Election Commission of Belarus announced preliminary results early on the 27th, showing that incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko won 86.82% of the vote in the presidential election held on the 26th, securing his re-election. The election results reflect Lukashenko's high level of support within Belarus. The election process attracted international attention, and the announcement of the results triggered various reactions.

On January 26, Belarus' incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko is leading the presidential election with 87.6% of the vote according to an exit poll conducted at over 300 polling stations nationwide. Other candidates include Liberal Democratic Party leader Oleg Gaidukevich with 1.8% of the vote, entrepreneur Anna Kanopatskaya with 1.6%, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party Sergey Syrankov with 2.7%, and leader of the Republican Party of Labor and Justice Alexander Khizhnyak with 1.2%. A total of 5.1% of voters cast their ballots against all candidates. The Belarusian Central Election Commission is expected to announce preliminary voting results at 2:30 a.m. on January 27 (11:30 p.m. GMT on January 26).

Belarus held its seventh presidential election on January 26, with five candidates vying for the position, including incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko. According to an exit poll by the Belarusian Youth Organizations Committee, Lukashenko won with 87.6% of the vote. On election day, 5,325 polling stations were open across the country, with approximately 6.9 million voters participating. The early voting turnout was 41.81%, while the final turnout reached 85.7%. International observers, including Russian State Duma Deputy Chairwoman Victoria Abramchenko, deemed the election open and transparent. Belarusian Central Election Commission Secretary Yelena Baldovskaya expressed confusion over the European Union's comments on the election without firsthand observation.

On January 26, US President Donald Trump announced sweeping retaliatory measures against Colombia, including tariffs and sanctions, after the country refused to accept two US military aircraft carrying deported migrants. Colombian President Gustavo Petro initially threatened to impose 50% tariffs on US goods but later revised it to 25%. Trump's measures include imposing 25% tariffs on Colombian goods (to rise to 50% in a week), a travel ban and visa revocations for Colombian officials, and financial sanctions. Petro condemned the US for treating migrants as criminals and offered to welcome deported migrants on civilian planes. The US is Colombia's largest trading partner, with $33.8 billion in two-way trade in 2023.

Tens of thousands of people are fleeing towns in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo as rebel forces approach the city of Goma. Explosions and gunshots were heard in Goma on Sunday evening. A rebel spokesman stated they would seize control of Goma at 03:00 local time. Earlier, DR Congo's foreign minister accused Rwanda of supporting M23 rebels, which Rwanda denies, claiming a defensive stance. The M23 rebels, who have controlled vast mineral-rich areas since 2021, urged Congolese troops in Goma to surrender to avoid bloodshed. Over 400,000 people have been displaced in North and South Kivu provinces since the start of 2025. UN Secretary General António Guterres called for Rwanda to withdraw and for the M23 to halt their advance. This follows the death of 13 peacekeepers in clashes with rebels. The UK and France have called for an end to attacks on peacekeepers and for Rwanda to withdraw its troops.

From January 25 to 26, 2025, intense clashes between M23 rebels and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (FARDC) occurred in the eastern city of Goma, leading to a mass exodus of civilians. Members of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) were involved in evacuating non-essential staff amid the fighting. Malawi and Uruguay reported the deaths of four of their troops each, bringing the total death toll among UN and southern African peacekeepers to at least 13. The three-year insurgency by the M23 has escalated significantly in January, with the rebels seizing more territory than ever before, prompting the UN to warn of a potential broader regional conflict. The UN Security Council is set to meet on Sunday to discuss the crisis. Congo accuses neighboring Rwanda of fueling the conflict, a claim Rwanda denies.

US President Donald Trump has recently stated that he believes the US will gain control of Greenland. Speaking to reporters on Air Force One, Trump claimed that the island's 57,000 residents 'want to be with us'. This follows Danish Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen's insistence in a phone call that Greenland is not for sale. Trump first floated the idea of purchasing the island in 2019, citing its importance for international security. Both Greenland's Prime Minister Mute Egede and Frederiksen have stated that the island is not for sale, though they are open to closer cooperation with the US on defense and mining. Trump's comments have caused a stir in Danish politics, leading to hastily organized high-level meetings in Copenhagen this month.

Since Trump's election, North Korea had not sent any special messages to the United States. On January 26, North Korea publicly tested strategic cruise missiles and issued a statement condemning the U.S. through its Foreign Ministry. Kim Jong-un expressed satisfaction with the test results, stating that North Korea's means to deter war are increasingly sophisticated. The missiles tested are likely an improved version of the 'Pukguksong-3-31' type, with the launch site located inland. Trump had previously stated his intention to re-engage with Kim Jong-un, but North Korea responded with missile tests, drawing international attention. The North Korean Foreign Ministry condemned the U.S.-South Korea joint military exercises, criticizing the U.S. without naming Trump. Experts believe that North Korea's choice to test cruise missiles is a strategic move aimed at demonstrating military capability while leaving room for dialogue.

On January 26, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) announced that Israel had ordered it to vacate its premises and cease all operations in occupied East Jerusalem by January 30. In October, Israeli lawmakers passed a law banning UNRWA from the country and prohibiting Israeli authorities from having contact with the agency, with exceptions possible. The international community, including the UN, generally considers East Jerusalem to be occupied territory, but the Israeli government views all of Jerusalem as part of the country. UNRWA stated that the order to cease operations contradicts Israel's international obligations as a UN member state. In East Jerusalem, over 1,100 students and 70,000 patients rely on UNRWA for education and primary healthcare. Israeli lawmakers who drafted the law banning UNRWA cited the alleged involvement of some agency staff in the October 7, 2023, attack on southern Israel.

China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi is scheduled to visit the United Kingdom in mid-February to hold talks with UK Foreign Secretary David Lammy, as reported by The Guardian on January 26. The UK Foreign, Commonwealth, & Development Office (FCDO) is planning to host Mr. Wang, according to sources briefed on the plans. The visit aims to conduct the first Britain-China strategic dialogue since 2018. Earlier in January, British Finance Minister Rachel Reeves visited China to revive high-level economic and financial talks that have been frozen since 2019. The Labour government, which took power in Britain in July, has made improving ties with China a key foreign policy goal, following a period under successive Conservative governments when relations hit their lowest point in decades.

On January 25, according to Russian satellite news agency, Yemen's Houthi rebels are considering banning US ships from passing through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait in retaliation for the US designation of the group as a 'foreign terrorist organization.' The rebels also plan to禁止 ships from countries supporting the US stance from crossing the strait and may end the ceasefire in Yemen, resuming full-scale military operations. On January 22, the US White House announced the designation, citing threats to Middle East security and global maritime trade. On January 23, the Houthi rebels responded, claiming the US decision aims to support Israel and prevent their support for the Palestinian cause.

Long-time Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko, after voting at Polling Station 478 in Minsk, held a four-and-a-half-hour live press conference on state TV. Critics have denounced the election as a 'sham,' with his main rivals either imprisoned or in exile. Lukashenko argued that everyone has the right to choose, which he called democracy. Currently, there are over 1,200 political prisoners in Belarus. EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas characterized the election as a 'blatant affront to democracy.' Lukashenko stated he doesn't care if outsiders recognize the election, emphasizing that the recognition of the Belarusian people matters most.

South Korean President Yoon Seok-youl was formally charged with leading a rebellion on January 26, becoming the first sitting president in South Korea's constitutional history to face such charges. Prosecutors applied for his continued detention on the same day, having had previous requests for extension of detention rejected. Yoon has been held at the Seoul Detention Center since his arrest on January 15, and the formal charges mean he will remain in custody until trial, which must take place within six months. Prosecutors deemed the charges appropriate, citing risks of evidence destruction. South Korean opposition parties welcomed the charges, with lawmaker Han Min-soo stating that punishment for the mastermind of the rebellion had begun. Yoon had abruptly declared a national emergency on December 3 last year, only to revoke it hours later, leading to his impeachment and subsequent investigation.

Israel is set to implement a ban at the end of January 2024, prohibiting the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) from operating on Israeli territory. The agency provides education, sanitation, and health services in East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip, and has coordinated aid during the Gaza war. The ban raises concerns about replacing the agency's work. UNRWA spokesman Jonathan Fowler stated that 750 children attend UNRWA schools in East Jerusalem, with 8,000 medical consultations conducted annually. In the Gaza Strip, 13,000 employees coordinate humanitarian responses. Human rights group Adalah has petitioned the Israeli Supreme Court, arguing the ban violates international law. The Palestinian Red Crescent has rejected the idea of replacing UNRWA.

The UN Security Council session on the hostilities in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), originally scheduled for January 27, has been rescheduled to January 26 due to recent developments in the country. Over the past three weeks, rebels from the March 23 Movement (M23) have launched a new offensive on the city of Goma in eastern DRC, with their forward units just 20 kilometers from the city. Goma, which has a population of about 2 million, is currently without electricity, running water, and cell phone service, and the rebels have severed transportation routes for food and basic necessities from the south. The city is located on the border with Rwanda. The M23, formed in 2012 by defectors from the Congolese army, primarily composed of Tutsi, began fighting in eastern DRC in January 2021 and has since captured several towns and over 100 villages in North Kivu. The DRC government accuses Rwanda of supporting the rebels.

New CIA Director John Ratcliffe has long favored the lab leak hypothesis regarding the origins of Covid-19. The CIA previously stated it lacked sufficient information to determine whether the pandemic emerged naturally from a wet market in Wuhan, China, or from an accidental lab leak. However, a new assessment this week indicates analysts now favor the lab leak theory, based on available reporting, though natural origins remain plausible. Ratcliffe believes the virus likely originated from the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Officials assert the new assessment was not influenced by the new director and had been in development. In the final weeks of the Biden administration, National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan ordered a classified review of the pandemic's origin. Former Director William Burns told analysts to take a stance on the origins, without favoring either theory. The analysis relies on existing evidence, including a closer examination of conditions in high-security labs in Wuhan. Both theories have logical support, but no decisive intelligence has been found.

On January 15, 2025, former U.S. Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe testified before a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing. NBC News reported that the CIA has shifted its stance on the origin of the virus causing Covid-19, now believing it likely escaped from a Chinese lab. A CIA spokesperson stated that, based on available reporting, the agency assesses with low confidence that a research-related origin is more probable than a natural one. Newly confirmed CIA Director John Ratcliffe said U.S. intelligence and science suggest an accidental release, or 'lab leak,' from the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China, where the outbreak was first observed in late 2019. The debate over Covid-19's origin remains contentious, with figures like former NIAID chief Anthony Fauci supporting a natural spillover theory, while others, including Trump administration officials, cite research activities. China denies a lab origin. The New York Times reports that the CIA believes Chinese leadership is unaware and unwilling to know the virus's origin. In 2021, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a report with mixed assessments, including the FBI's medium confidence in a lab incident origin and the Energy Department's recent low-confidence support for a lab origin.

On January 25, US tech billionaire Elon Musk delivered a video address to a campaign rally of Germany's anti-immigration far-right AfD party in Halle, Germany. Musk told thousands of AfD supporters that their party was 'the best hope for the future of Germany.' His actions have raised concerns from some mainstream leaders, accusing him of interfering in European politics through comments on his social platform X about politicians in countries including Germany and Britain. This week, Musk also faced criticism for making a public hand gesture seen by some as resembling a Nazi salute. In his address, he described the German people as 'an ancient nation' and urged supporters to 'fight, fight, fight' for their country's future. The AfD advocates for 'more self-determination for Germany and for the countries in Europe and less from Brussels,' referring to European Union authorities. Musk is a close associate of US President Donald Trump, who has appointed him to head a new department of 'government efficiency' in his administration. Like Trump, the AfD opposes immigration, denies climate change, rails against gender politics, and has declared war on a political establishment and mainstream media it condemns as censorious. Ahead of Germany's February 23 elections, the AfD is polling at around 20%, a new record for a party that has already shattered a decades-old taboo against the far right in post-war Germany.

Pete Hegseth, 44, a former Fox News personality and decorated veteran, was confirmed as the US Secretary of Defense by the Senate on Friday. Hegseth plans to strengthen the American defense industry and deterrence capabilities, aiming to rebuild the military by matching threats to capabilities. This includes reviving the defense industrial base, reforming the acquisition process, passing a financial audit, and rapidly fielding emerging technologies. He emphasized reestablishing deterrence by defending the homeland and working with allies to deter aggression in the Indo-Pacific by Communist China. Vice President JD Vance cast the decisive vote to break a tie during the confirmation process.

On January 25, the US Senate confirmed Pete Hegseth as the defense secretary in a 50-50 vote. Vice President JD Vance, in his role as the president of the Senate, came to the chamber to break the tie. Hegseth, 44, a former Fox News personality and decorated veteran, has pledged to bring significant changes to the Pentagon. The vote was broadcast by the C-SPANTV channel.

Pete Hegseth was narrowly confirmed as the new US Defense Secretary on January 24th with a one-vote margin in the Senate. A former Fox News host, Hegseth faced controversy over alcohol abuse and sexual scandals. President Trump strongly supported him and pressured Republican senators. Three Republicans, including Senate leader Mitch McConnell, voted against, leading to a 50-50 tie, broken by Vice President Vance's crucial vote. This marks the second time in US history an内阁 nominee required the Senate President's vote for confirmation, the first being Betsy DeVos in 2017. Despite lacking Pentagon experience, Hegseth pledges to fulfill Trump's policies.

On January 24, the Israeli government notified the United Nations that it requires the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to cease all operations in East Jerusalem within six days. Israeli Ambassador to the UN, Danny Danon, stated in a letter to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres that UNRWA must evacuate all its premises in Jerusalem by January 30. This action follows legislation passed by the Israeli Parliament in October banning UNRWA from operating in Israeli territory. UNRWA provides critical aid including food, shelter, healthcare, vocational training, and education to Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, especially after the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023. Israel has accused UNRWA of Hamas infiltration, but UN investigations found fewer than 10 out of nearly 13,000 employees were affiliated with Hamas, and they were fired. UNRWA Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini urged the UN Security Council to intervene, warning that such actions would severely weaken the humanitarian response in Gaza.

The British Museum partially closed to visitors after a former employee allegedly shut down parts of its IT network. The contractor, dismissed last week, trespassed into the museum and disabled several systems before being arrested by police. This led to the closure of some galleries and temporary exhibitions on Friday, with limited capacity this weekend, prioritizing members and ticket holders. The museum, which saw 5,820,860 visitors in 2023 and was named the top UK visitor attraction, is working to restore full operations. Temporary exhibitions, including Silk Roads and Picasso: Printmaker, remain closed over the weekend, with ticket holders notified and refunds offered.

The Yemeni movement Ansar Allah, known as the Houthis, is considering banning US ships from passing through the Bab al-Mandab Strait and resuming full-scale military operations in Yemen in retaliation for the US designation of the group as a foreign terrorist organization. US President Donald Trump signed an order on Wednesday to initiate this designation. On Thursday, the Houthis stated that this decision targets the entire Yemeni population and is revenge for Yemen's support of the Palestinians. The movement is also contemplating barring ships from any country that follows the US in listing them as a terrorist organization. Possible measures include countering any US military escalation in response to the ship ban and ending the truce in Yemen to resume hostilities on all fronts.